Exploring classical thoughts on Criminology dating back to the eighteenth century
Discussing classical views about individuals and classical explanations of victims, criminals and crime control measures.
Mainly looking at Beccaria and Bentham on criminological perspectives?
Who are these Cri...
Beccaria’s work
➤ Cesare Bonesana – (The marquis of Beccaria)
➤ Italian philosopher, lawyer and nobility who Prop
➤ Authored Essays ‘On Crime and Punishment’ as a
considered to be harsh and whimsical judicial processes
Beccaria’s Essay On Crime And Punishment:
➤Decried the unjust, irrational state of the criminal justice
, Beccaria’s Views
➤ His position
➤ “It is better to prevent crimes than to punish the
system of legislation,”
➤ His assumption are human motivation and consc
➤ prudent calculators of self-interest
➤ His problems:
➤ “the infinite and utterly conflicting attractions” o
➤ Human beings want to achieve pleasure and avo
, Beccaria on Criminal Law and C
➤ Criminal Laws should garner citi
➤ Society should reward virtue
➤ Society should be educated to u
law is a pre-condition for freedom
➤ Criminal laws should define “cr
of harm
,Beccaria’s Typology of Crime
➤ There are 3 types of crimes
➤ crimes destructive of society
➤ Crimes against the personal security of a citize
➤ Crimes against the ‘public good’/public tranquility
Beccaria’s Postulations:
➤ Criminals have control over their behaviour, choose
threat of punishment
➤ Laws are a social contract that hold society togethe
, Beccaria on Achieving punishm
➤ The judiciary is responsible for determina
down criminal codes to minimise ambiguity a
➤ Punishment should be:
➤ clearly defined for legally specified crim
seriousness of the crime
➤ Prompt: justice enacted as soon as possib
➤ Certain: probability of apprehension and
, Beccaria on Appropriatenes
Punishments of a severity exceeding what is needed
➤ Excessive severity increases crime
➤ Punishment should be a means of deterre
➤ Punishment should make a lasting impres
(including the criminal) whilst imposing the le
➤ Preferred punishments:
➤ Deportation: expulsion, banishment of the
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