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Samenvatting van het vak Sociologie gegeven op Vives Kortrijk SAW
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Samenvatting van het vak Sociologie gegeven op Vives Kortrijk SAW gegeven door Mevr. Denuwelaere
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SOCIOLOGIE1 Wat is sociologie .............................................................................................................................. 7
1.1 Sociologisch denken................................................................................................................. 7
1.1.1 alles is contingent, maar niet arbitrair ............................................................................. 7
1.1.1.1 alles is contingent ........................................................................................................ 7
1.1.1.2 Maar niet arbitrair ....................................................................................................... 7
1.1.2 De sociologische verbeelding ........................................................................................... 8
1.1.3 Sociale context ................................................................................................................. 8
1.1.3.1 De 3 niveaus................................................................................................................. 8
1.1.3.2 contextuele factoren ................................................................................................... 9
1.1.3.2.1 sociologische factoren ........................................................................................... 9
1.1.3.2.2 Demografische factoren ........................................................................................ 9
1.1.3.2.3 Materiele factoren ................................................................................................. 9
1.1.3.2.4 Economische factoren ........................................................................................... 9
1.1.4 Gedrag, sociaal handelen en interactie............................................................................ 9
1.1.4.1 Gedrag ......................................................................................................................... 9
1.1.4.2 Sociaal handelen ........................................................................................................ 10
1.1.4.3 Interactie.................................................................................................................... 10
1.1.4.3.1 Uitwisseling of sociale ruil .................................................................................... 10
1.1.4.3.2 Samenwerking ..................................................................................................... 10
1.1.4.3.3 Conflict ................................................................................................................. 10
1.1.4.3.4 Conformiteit......................................................................................................... 10
1.1.4.3.5 Machtsuitoefening ............................................................................................... 10
2 Socialisatie ..................................................................................................................................... 11
2.1 Wat is socialisatie................................................................................................................... 11
2.2 De functie van socialisatie...................................................................................................... 11
2.3 Vormen van socialisatie ......................................................................................................... 11
2.3.1 Primaire socialisatie (aanleren van algemene gedragingen ) ........................................ 11
2.3.1.1 Sociale leerprocessen ................................................................................................ 12
2.3.1.1.1 imitatie (<3 jaar) .................................................................................................. 12
2.3.1.1.2 play (3 – 6 jaar) ................................................................................................... 12
1
, 2.3.1.1.3 game (> 6 jaar) ..................................................................................................... 12
2.3.1.1.4 me ........................................................................................................................ 12
2.3.2 looking glass self ............................................................................................................ 13
2.3.3 Secundaire socialisatie (specifieke gedragingen en verwachtingen bij het innemen van
een bepaalde sociale positie ) ........................................................................................................ 13
2.3.3.1 fase 1 : annticiperende fase ....................................................................................... 13
2.3.3.2 Fase 2 : formele fase .................................................................................................. 14
2.3.3.3 Fase 3 : informele fase ............................................................................................... 14
2.3.3.4 Fase 4 : persoonlijke fase ........................................................................................... 14
2.3.4 Tertiaire socialisatie ....................................................................................................... 14
2.4 Socialisatie klasse gebonden .................................................................................................. 14
2.4.1 Melvin Kohn ................................................................................................................... 14
2.4.2 Sociale reproductie (Bourdieu) ...................................................................................... 16
2.5 GESLACHTSROLSOCIALISATIE ................................................................................................. 17
2.6 ANTICIPERENDE SOCIALISATIE ............................................................................................... 18
3 Sociale structuur ............................................................................................................................ 19
3.1 De structurele en culturele dimensies ................................................................................... 19
3.1.1 Sociale structuur ............................................................................................................ 19
3.1.1.1 Sociale posities........................................................................................................... 19
3.1.1.1.1 Toegewezen sociale positie ................................................................................. 19
3.1.1.1.2 Verworven sociale positie .................................................................................... 19
3.1.1.1.3 Tijdelijke sociale positie ....................................................................................... 19
3.1.1.2 Sociale status ............................................................................................................. 19
3.1.1.2.1 Matserstatus ........................................................................................................ 20
3.1.1.2.2 Status inconsistentie ............................................................................................ 20
3.1.1.2.3 statusconflict........................................................................................................ 20
3.1.1.3 Sociale rollen.............................................................................................................. 20
3.1.1.3.1 Mead - Collectivistsiche benadering .................................................................... 20
3.1.1.3.2 Goffman - Dramaturhische benadering .............................................................. 20
3.1.1.3.3 Rolconflicten ........................................................................................................ 21
3.1.1.3.3.1 Intern rolconflict........................................................................................... 21
3.1.1.3.3.2 Extern rolconflict .......................................................................................... 21
3.1.1.3.3.3 oplossingen .................................................................................................. 21
3.1.2 Cultuur ........................................................................................................................... 21
2
, 3.1.2.1 Waarden .................................................................................................................... 21
3.1.2.2 Normen ...................................................................................................................... 21
3.1.2.2.1 Folkways .............................................................................................................. 21
3.1.2.2.2 Mores................................................................................................................... 21
3.1.2.2.3 Taboe ................................................................................................................... 22
3.2 Institutionalisering ................................................................................................................. 22
3.2.1 Instituties ....................................................................................................................... 22
3.2.2 Primaire instituties ......................................................................................................... 22
3.2.2.1 Gezin als institutie ...................................................................................................... 22
3.2.2.2 Deinstitutionalisering ................................................................................................. 22
3.2.2.3 Secundaire instituties................................................................................................. 22
4 Cultuur ........................................................................................................................................... 23
4.1 Cultuur ................................................................................................................................... 23
4.1.1 Cultuur en samenleving ................................................................................................. 23
4.1.2 Culturele componenten ................................................................................................. 23
4.1.2.1 Normatieve component............................................................................................. 23
4.1.2.2 Cognitieve component............................................................................................... 23
4.1.2.3 Materiële component ................................................................................................ 23
4.1.3 Cultural lag ..................................................................................................................... 23
4.2 Andere culturen ..................................................................................................................... 24
4.2.1 Dominante culturen ....................................................................................................... 24
4.2.2 Subculturen.................................................................................................................... 24
4.2.3 Tegenculturen ................................................................................................................ 24
4.3 Etnocentrisme en cultuur relativisme .................................................................................... 24
5 Groeperingen ................................................................................................................................. 25
5.1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................. 25
5.2 Kernmerken groeperingen ..................................................................................................... 25
5.2.1 Duurzaamheid en intensiteit van de interacties ............................................................ 25
5.2.2 Gemeenschappelijke waarden, normen en doeleinden ................................................ 25
5.2.3 Samenhorigheidsgevoel ................................................................................................. 26
5.2.4 Interne structuur............................................................................................................ 26
5.3 Typologie groeperingen – Merton ......................................................................................... 26
5.3.1 Groep ............................................................................................................................. 26
5.3.2 Collectiviteit ................................................................................................................... 26
3
, 5.3.3 Toghterness siuation...................................................................................................... 26
5.3.4 Sociale categorie ............................................................................................................ 26
5.4 Primaire en secundaire groepen ............................................................................................ 27
5.4.1 Gezin als primaire groep ................................................................................................ 27
5.4.1.1 Ontstaan gezin ........................................................................................................... 27
5.4.1.1.1 Historisch ............................................................................................................. 27
5.4.1.1.2 Sociologisch ......................................................................................................... 27
5.4.1.2 Secundaire groepen ................................................................................................... 27
5.5 Conflicten houden groepen samen........................................................................................ 27
5.5.1 Binnengroepconflict....................................................................................................... 27
5.5.2 Tussengroepconflict ....................................................................................................... 27
5.6 Referentiegroepen ................................................................................................................. 27
5.6.1 COMPARATIEVE referentiegroepen ............................................................................... 27
5.6.2 NORMATIEVE referentiegroepen ................................................................................... 27
5.7 Netwerk ................................................................................................................................. 28
5.7.1 Omschrijving .................................................................................................................. 28
5.7.2 Kernmerken ................................................................................................................... 28
5.7.2.1 Morfologische ............................................................................................................ 28
5.7.2.1.1 Omvang................................................................................................................ 28
5.7.2.1.2 Dichtheid.............................................................................................................. 28
5.7.2.1.3 Diversiteit ............................................................................................................. 28
5.7.2.1.4 Centraliteit ........................................................................................................... 28
5.7.2.2 Interactionele............................................................................................................. 28
5.7.2.2.1 Sterkte ................................................................................................................. 28
5.7.2.2.2 Homofolie ............................................................................................................ 29
5.7.2.2.3 Verwantschap ...................................................................................................... 29
5.8 Organisatie............................................................................................................................. 29
5.8.1 Formeel .......................................................................................................................... 29
5.8.2 Bureaucratie .................................................................................................................. 29
5.8.2.1 Nadelen...................................................................................................................... 30
5.8.2.1.1 Rigiditeit ipv flexibiliteit........................................................................................ 30
5.8.2.1.1.1 Burns en Stalkers .......................................................................................... 30
5.8.2.1.2 Middelen ipv bureaucratische inertie .................................................................. 30
5.8.2.2 uitdagingen ................................................................................................................ 30
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