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Samenvatting van alle hoorcolleges, werkcolleges en zelfstudies van de cursus Algemene Farmacologie Thema 4: Screening van psychoactieve farmaca (BMW30405)$6.15
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Samenvatting van alle hoorcolleges, werkcolleges en zelfstudies van de cursus Algemene Farmacologie Thema 4: Screening van psychoactieve farmaca (BMW30405)
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Algemene Farmacologie (BMW30405)
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Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
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Deze gedetailleerde samenvatting behandelt alles wat aan bod is gekomen tijdens de hoorcolleges, werkcolleges en zelfstudies van Thema 4: Screening van psychoactieve farmaca van de cursus Algemene Farmacologie aan de Universiteit Utrecht (BMW30405). Hierdoor bevat het alle informatie die nodig is v...
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Samenvatting algemene
farmacologie
Thema 4 - Screening van psychoactieve medicijnen
Biomedische Wetenschappen
2020-2021
Door Nicole (studente BMW)
,Inhoudsopgave
Psychoactieve medicijnen......................................................................................................................3
Centraal zenuwstelsel.........................................................................................................................3
Neurotransmitters..........................................................................................................................4
Receptoren.....................................................................................................................................5
Circuits............................................................................................................................................6
Psychofarmaca...................................................................................................................................8
Synaptische neurotransmissie en targets voor psychoactieve stoffen...............................................9
Werking van geneesmiddelen in het centraal zenuwstelsel...........................................................9
Classificatie van psychofarmaca...................................................................................................10
Bloed-hersenbarrière....................................................................................................................11
Noradrenaline...................................................................................................................................12
Functionele aspecten....................................................................................................................13
Serotonine (5-hydroxytryptamine)...................................................................................................14
Pathways......................................................................................................................................16
Receptoren...................................................................................................................................16
Functionele aspecten....................................................................................................................16
Klinisch gebruikte medicijnen.......................................................................................................17
Antidepressiva..................................................................................................................................18
Bijwerkingen.................................................................................................................................19
Classificatie...................................................................................................................................19
Farmacologische effecten.............................................................................................................20
Monoamine theorie van depressie...............................................................................................24
Dopamine.........................................................................................................................................25
Pathways......................................................................................................................................27
Dopamine receptoren...................................................................................................................28
Antipsychotica..................................................................................................................................31
Schizofrenie..................................................................................................................................31
Klassieke antipsychotica...............................................................................................................33
Atypische antipsychotica..............................................................................................................34
GABA (γ-aminoboterzuur)................................................................................................................40
Receptoren...................................................................................................................................42
Benzodiazepines...............................................................................................................................44
Farmacologische effecten.............................................................................................................46
Farmacokinetische effecten..........................................................................................................46
1
, Bijwerkingen.................................................................................................................................47
Screening psychoactieve medicijnen....................................................................................................48
Ontwikkeling van psychofarmaca.....................................................................................................48
Preklinische studies......................................................................................................................49
Screeningmodellen voor anxiolytica.............................................................................................50
Screeningmodellen voor antidepressiva.......................................................................................51
Open field test (OFT)....................................................................................................................52
Screeningmodellen voor antipsychotica.......................................................................................54
Overzicht screening psychoactieve geneesmiddelen.......................................................................59
2
, Psychoactieve medicijnen
Centraal zenuwstelsel
Psychoactieve stoffen werken in op het centraal zenuwstelsel (CZS) en kunnen hierdoor het
bewustzijn en gedrag beïnvloeden. Hiervoor moeten deze stoffen in staat zijn om de bloed-
hersenbarrière te passeren. Er zijn verschillende vormen van psychofarmaca, waarbij er een
onderscheid gemaakt kan worden in recreatief gebruik en therapeutisch gebruik.
Psychoactieve middelen kunnen onderverdeeld worden op basis van hun werking:
Verdovende middelen (depressants) → Inhiberen de hersenactiviteit en de output hiervan.
Alcohol
GHB
Benzodiazepines
Opiaten
Stimulerende middelen (stimulants) → Stimuleren de hersenactiviteit en de output hiervan.
Amfetamine
Ritalin
Cocaïne
Caffeïne
Hallucinogenen → Verstoren de zintuiglijke waarnemingen.
LSD
Psilocybine
Mescaline
Figuur 1 Schematisch overzicht van verschillende psychoactieve geneesmiddelen.
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