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hoorcollege zenuwprikkelopwekking en geleiding

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samenvatting van het hoorcollege en de les

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  • March 9, 2023
  • 8
  • 2022/2023
  • Class notes
  • Martin van gennep
  • Zenuwprikkelopwekking en geleiding
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College Zenuwprikkelopwekking en geleiding
Cellen van het zenuwstelsel
- Neuronen (zenuwcellen)  de meeste neuronen kunnen zich niet meer delen
o Perifere sensorische neuronen
o Perifere motorische neuronen
o Schakelcellen (associatieneuronen, interneuronen)
- Gliacellen (neuroglia)  steunweefsel




o In centraal zenuwstelsel
 Astrocyten  voeding en afvoer afvalstoffen, handhaving van
extracellulaire ionconcentraties, rol bij bloed-hersenbarrière en
herstelreactie na laesie. Ze zorgen ervoor dat niet alle stoffen uit het
bloed de hersenen kunnen bereiken.
 Oligodendrocyten  vorming myelineschede (witte stof).
 Microgliocyten  mobiele fagocyterende afweercellen.
 Ependymcellen  bekleding van hersenventrikels (holtes).
o In perifeer zenuwstelsel
 Satellietcellen (in ganglia)  handhaving chemische omgeving en
voeding.
 Cellen van Schwann  vorming
myelineschede.

, Bouw van het neuron
Telodendrion  eindtakje van axon




Receptie  ontvangst
(dit is ook mogelijk op het axon en de
eindknop)




Conductie  geleiding




Transmissie  overdracht



Perifeer motorisch Perifeer
neuron en schakel sensorisch neuron
neuron

Neuron (zenuwcel)




synaps (aanraking, verbinding)  contactplaats tussen een neuron en
een ander neuron, spiervezel (motorische eindplaat) of kliercel waar overdracht van
chemisch of elektrisch signaal plaatsvindt.

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