Summary

Sportbiomechanica samenvatting + begrippenlijst + oefenvragen (met uitgebreide uitleg)

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Course
Sportbiomechanica

Institution
Fontys Hogeschool (Fontys)

Samenvatting sportbiomechanica. Zelf gebruikt voor een kennistoets, tijdens de opleiding podotherapie. Alle college's . begrippenlijst. 39 oefenvragen (open vragen) met een uitgebreid antwoord.

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Uploaded on March 11, 2023
Number of pages 41
Written in 2022/2023
Type Summary

sport
sportbiomechanica
prestatieverbetering
blessure
blessurepreventie
revalidatie
hardloopschoen
hefbomen
interne biomechanica
belasting
formule
tractie
compressie
schuifkracht
buiging
torsie
elasti

Institution
Fontys Hogeschool (Fontys)
Education
Podotherapie
Course
Sportbiomechanica

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Sportbiomechanica

Vak: sportbiomechanica.
Opleiding: podotherapie. Ook voor lichamelijke opvoeding,
bewegingswetenschappen, fysiotherapie, sportkunde etc.. en iedereen die iets wil
leren over sportbiomechanica.
Hogeschool: Fontys paramedisch hogeschool Eindhoven.
Leerjaar: 3 (2022-2023)

,Inhoudsopgave
HOOFDSTUK 1: INTRODUCTIE ....................................................................................................................... 3
DOELEN SPORTBIOMECHANICA............................................................................................................................. 3
EVEN OPFRISSEN (KRACHTEN, MOMENTEN, WETTEN NEWTON, HEFBOMEN) ........................................................ 4
HOOFDSTUK 2: INTERNE BIOMECHANICA ............................................................................................... 5
BELASTING ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
TRACTIE................................................................................................................................................................ 5
COMPRESSIE ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
SCHUIFKRACHT..................................................................................................................................................... 5
BUIGING................................................................................................................................................................ 6
TORSIE .................................................................................................................................................................. 6
GEWRICHTEN ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
ROM (RANGE OF MOTION) .................................................................................................................................. 7
SPIEREN: SOORTEN SPIERWEEFSEL: ...................................................................................................................... 7
SPIERKRACHT EN WERKLIJN ............................................................................................................................... 10
HOOFDSTUK 3: HARDLOPEN ........................................................................................................................ 12
FASEN VAN HET GAAN ........................................................................................................................................ 13
KENMERKEN VAN HARDLOPEN ........................................................................................................................... 14
LANDINGSTECHNIEKEN ...................................................................................................................................... 15
KINEMATICA ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
BEHOUD VAN ENERGIE ....................................................................................................................................... 19
HOOFDSTUK 4: BIOMECHANISCHE ANALYSE ....................................................................................... 21
BIOMECHANISCHE ANALYSE ............................................................................................................................... 21
KENMERKEN VAN DE MEEST EFFECTIEVE TECHNIEK .......................................................................................... 22
HOOFDSTUK 5: BIOMECHANISCHE ANALYSE ....................................................................................... 25
BIOMECHANISCHE ANALYSE ............................................................................................................................... 25
TECHNIEKTRAINING............................................................................................................................................ 25
FYSIEKE TRAINING .............................................................................................................................................. 25
KWALITATIEVE ANATOMISCHE ANALYSE ........................................................................................................... 26
HOOFDSTUK 6: BIOMECHANICA EN BLESSURES .................................................................................. 28
KRACHT EN DRUK ............................................................................................................................................... 28
MODEL VAN WILLIAMS ...................................................................................................................................... 29
INTRINSIEKE EN EXTRINSIEKE FACTOREN ........................................................................................................... 29
OEFENVRAGEN (OPEN VRAGEN) ................................................................................................................ 31
BEGRIPPENLIJST .............................................................................................................................................. 39

2

,Hoofdstuk 1: introductie

Wat sportbiomechanica is
- De studie van krachten en hun invloeden op mensen in sport en beweging.

Doelen sportbiomechanica
1. Prestatieverbetering:
- Techniek.
- Materialen.
- Trainingseffectiviteit.
2. Blessurepreventie en revalidatie

Blessurepreventie en revalidatie
1. Etiologie:
- Hoe ontstaat een klacht?
2. Preventie:
- Hoe voorkom ik (recidief van) een klacht?
3. Revalidatie:
- Hoe faciliteer ik herstel van een klacht?

Techniek bij landing gymnastiek
In de jaren 90 kregen atleten punten aftrek voor het buigen van de knieën bij landing. Deze manier
van landen verhoogt de krachten op gewrichten, en zorgt voor blessures en overbelastingklachten
onder atleten. Tegenwoordig is het toegestaan om de knieën en enkels te buigen bij landing.

Ontwikkeling hardloopschoenen
- 1970 à shin splints en stressfracturen.

Enkel-, knie- en heupklachten

3

, Even opfrissen (krachten, momenten, wetten Newton, hefbomen)
Krachten en momenten:
- Intern <> extern.
Massatraagheid.
Wetten van Newton:
- Eerste wet: traagheidswet.
- Tweede wet: versnellingswet.
- Derde wet: actie = reactie.
!"#$%&' (#)
• Snelheid (v) = +,-' ($) Evenwicht:
. /&0120,' (3)
• Versnelling (a) = • ∑ 𝐹; = 0
. +,-' ($)
• ∑ 𝐹< = 0
• a4 + b4 = c 4
5306#$%%&'0 7,-'0 • ∑𝑀 = 0
• sin(α) = /829,&0 7,-'0
!%&1,::0&'0 7,-'0
• cos(α) =
/829,&0 7,-'0
5306#$%%&'0 7,-'0
• tan(α) = !%&1,::0&'0 7,-'0

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