Rasmussen College MDC 1 Exam 1 with complete solutions

Desire to understand and be sensitive to feelings, beliefs and situation. - Answer- Empathy This is the expression of value and flexibility to meet the patients' needs based on their unique situation. - Answer- Respect Ability to respond truthfully. - Answer- Genuineness Ability to respond using specific terms - Answer- Concreteness This is used to clarify the message received or decoding the actual meaning. - Answer- Confrontation Be aware of cultural preferences related to eye contact, space, and touch. - Answer- Therapeutic communication within cultures Socially transmitted behaviors, arts, beliefs, values, customs, lifeways and other characteristics that guide decision making. - Answer- Culture - Provide identity and sense of belonging - Consist of common beliefs & practices - Material (clothing, art) and non-material (language, beliefs). - Dynamic & adaptive - Complex - Diverse - Influences thinking and activities - Answer- Culture Characteristics Member share a common social & cultural heritage (race, physical chrematistics) - Answer- Ethnicity Learning how to become a member of a society or a group. - Answer- Socialization An individual assumes the characteristics of a culture they just immigrated to. - Answer- Acculturation A new member learn and take essential values, beliefs and behaviors of the dominant culture gradually. - Answer- Assimilation Considering everyone are the same under their racial or ethnic group. - Answer- Stereotype Something recurrent that assumes that everyone has under the same racial or ethical group. - Answer- Archetype Initiative to provide care to everyone with the goal to eliminate any disparities in care. - Answer- Culture competent care Perception of own-ability to control nature or environment. - Answer- Environmental care Are the genetics and physical aspects that makes use different. - Answer- Biological variations Individual perception of health - Answer- Health belief system - Scientific (Hospitals, clinics, medications, etc) o Magico-religious= "alternative or indigenous" (supernatural forces of healing, rituals). o Holistic= need for harmony and balance of the body with nature (yoga, meditation, etc.) - Answer- 3 major health beliefs - Monitor labs (albumin & pre-albumin determine malnutrition) - Ensure proper intake of proteins (Proteins=Building blocks) - Promote proper hygiene keeping the skin dry and clean - Inspect skin daily - Use moisturizers - Encourage repositions every 1 to 2 hours, especially for chair or bed bound patients - Apply pressure redistribution surfaces (mattresses, overlay, or gel pads) - Use an EB screening tools (Braden scale, Norton, etc) - Involved the patient and family in the education and care - Use an interprofessional approach (nutritionist, physical therapist, occupational therapist, wound care specialist, providers, etc) - Add nutritional protein shakes - Continue performing reposition, redistribution, hygiene, etc. - Answer- Interventions to relieve pressure and maintain skin integrity - Assess and determine who is a higher risk - Implement priority interventions based on the risk o Teach patients to do active ROM exercises every 2 hours o Assess and manage pain to promote more comfortable movement o Teach patients to perform "heel pump" activities o Drink adequate fluids to help prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) o Evaluate the patient's need for assistive devices with the help of an Occupational Therapist to promote ADL independence (plate guard or splint, canes, walkers) o Encourage ambulation by collaborating with physical therapist. - Answer- Interventions to promote mobility Arises from burning your skin like on a hot iron or from touching a hot pan on the stove - Answer- Cutaneous pain Caused from deep internal disorders such as menstrual cramps, labor pains, or gastrointestinal infections - Answer- Visceral pain Originates from the ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels, and bones. Examples would be fractures or sprains - Answer- Deep somatic pain Starts at an origin but extends to other locations. Example: pain from a sore throat might extend to ears and head. - Answer- Radiating pain Occurs in an area distant from the site of origin. Example: pain from a heart attack might be felt in the left arm or jaw - Answer- Referred pain Pain that is perceived from an area that has been surgically or traumatically removed. Example: pain from an amputated limb. - Answer- Phantom pain Results from an injury of one or more nerves - Answer- Neuropathic pain Short duration, rapid onset, and associated with some kind of injury. - Answer- Acute pain Last 6 months or longer and interferes with activities of daily living. - Answer- Chronic pain when one ignores the differences and proceeds as though they do not exist. - Answer- Cultural blindness care is planned and implemented in a way that is sensitive to the needs of individuals, families, and groups from diverse populations within society. - Answer- Cultural competence people of varying cultural background, racial and ethnic origin, religion, language, physical size, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability, socioeconomic status, occupational status, and geographic location. - Answer- Cultural diversity the belief that everyone else should conform to your own belief system. - Answer- Cultural imposition a shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations that provides social structure for living; shapes what is acceptable behavior for people in a specific group; learned by each new generation; may evolve over time; influences the way people of a group view themselves, have expectations, and behave in situations. - Answer- Culture occurs when people become aware of culture differences, feel threatened, and respond by ridiculing the beliefs and traditions of others to make themselves feel more secure about their own values. - Answer- Culture conflict the feelings a person may experience when placed in a different culture perceived as strange. - Answer- Culture shock the belief that the ideas, beliefs, and practices of one's own culture are superior to those of another's culture - Answer- Ethnocentrism based on specific physical characteristics such as skin pigmentation, body stature, facial features, and hair texture. - Answer- Race A large group of people who are members of the larger cultural group but who have certain ethnic, occupational, or physical characteristics that are not common to the larger culture. - Answer- Subculture a nurse that has the knowledge and skills to adapt nursing care to cultural similarities and differences. - Answer- Transcultural nursing · Close & supportive extended-family relationships · Family, unity, loyalty, and cooperation are important. · Usually matriarchal · Present oriented · Highly respected members · Highly religious Use folk healing practices and home remedies for treating illness - Answer- African American · Welfare of family is valued above the person. · Extended families are common. · Ancestors are respected. · Sharing is common. · Seeks balance in all things. · Good health is achieved through Yin & Yang. · Imbalance in energy is caused by improper diet or strong emotions. · Diseases and foods are classified by as hot or cold. · Use herbs, diet, and application of hot or cold therapy. · High respect for age, authority, hard work · Praise of self or others is considered poor manners · May be upset by drawing of blood or lab tests · Best to die with the body intact (all organs) · Seldom complain about what is bothering them. · Salt restricted diet - Answer- Asian · Familial role is important · Family is the primary unit of society · Curanderos are folk healers who base treatment on humoral pathology · Balance is achieved through hot and cold within the body. · Respect is given to age and sex: older male · Roman catholic · God gives health and illness for a reason · May be difficult to convince an asymptomatic patient they he is sick · Diet counseling may be necessary - Answer- Hispanic · Family forms the basic building blocks of Muslim society · Marriage forms the sole basis for sexual relations and parenthood · Discourages use of contraception · Halal diet: No pork or alcohol · Belief that there is no God by Allah · Allah will determine when they will die · Family members wash the body of the deceased and bury as soon as possible. · Cremation is not allowed. · Respect modesty of men and women · Assign health care providers of the same sex · During Ramadan, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset - Answer- Muslim · Families are large and extended · Grandparents are official and symbolic leaders and decision makers · Medicine men are heavily used · Use of herbs and psychological treatments, ceremonies, fasting, meditation, heat, and massages · Present oriented · High respect for age · Family should be included in the nursing care plan. · Note taking is often taboo. · Indirect eye contact is preferred · Use a low tone of voice - Answer- Native American · Family is important · Each gender and age have specific duties · Close knit facilities in small isolated communities · View patient's illness as a part of the whole · Emphasis on preventative medicine · Christian · Present oriented · Death is seen as a part of life and not feared · Often use folk healing practices · Live healthier lifestyles - Answer- Hawaiian exchange of information using words - Answer- Verbal communication exchange of information without the use of words; body language - Answer- Nonverbal communication self-talk; communication within a person - Answer- Intrapersonal communication occurs between two or more people with a goal to exchange messages - Answer- Interpersonal communication used as a healing strategy for nurses and patients when used appropriately. - Answer- Humor allow a wide variety of responses. - Answer- Open-ended question limited choices of possible responses; yes or no - Answer- Close-ended question validates what the nurse believes he or she has heard or observed - Answer- Validating allows the nurse to gain an understanding of a patient's comment - Answer- Clarifying involves repeating that the person has said or describing the persons feelings. - Answer- Reflective used to place events in chronological order to investive a possible cause-effect relationship between events - Answer- Sequencing nurse can gain additional information to consider in assessing the paitent's health status - Answer- Directing ability to stand up for oneself and others using open, honest, and direct communication - Answer- Assertive behavior asserting one's rights in a negative manner that violates the rights of others - Answer- Aggressive behavior stereotyped, trite, or pat answer - Answer- Cliche rude, intimidating, and undesirable behavior directed at another person - Answer- Incivility anger and aggression towards others - Answer- Bullying What is RACE? - Answer- Rescue anyone in immediate danger of the fire, Alarm pull the nearest fire alarm and call fire response, Contain fire by closing all doors in the fire area, Extinguish small fires, if not, leave the area and close the door. What is PASS? - Answer- Pull the pin, Aim the extinguisher, Squeeze the handle of the fire extinguisher, Sweep from side to side at the base of the flame. This begins with the collection of data - Answer- Pre-interaction This phase starts within first contact with the patient. - Answer- Orientation This phase main goals are to maintain mutual respect, honesty, clarify feelings and express concerns - Answer- Working This phase concludes the relationship. - Answer- Termination Asking too many questions Change the subject Expressing approval or disapproval Offering advice Providing false reassurance Stereotyping Using patronizing language - Answer- Barriers to communication Inability to communicate due to an impairment. - Answer- Language barrier Difficulty of engaging or understanding the communication due to cognitive impairment - Answer- Cognitive skills Deficiency of oral, hearing and visual abilities - Answer- Sensory perceptual alterations Physical disturbance that impedes proper communications - Answer- Physiological barrier What is SBAR? - Answer- S- Situation B- Background A- Assessment R- Recommendation When is SBAR utilized? - Answer- During shift change and to notify a doctor of a situation What is a normal temperature range? - Answer- 96.4 - 99.5 degrees Fahrenheit Serious injuries or death to a patient that should have never happened in a hospital - Answer- Sentinel *never* events theorized that a person could not meet the needs of love and belonging and self-esteem without meeting basic physiological needs. - Answer- Maslow's 1-4 th levels are the "Basic Physiological Needs" or "deficiency needs" - Enables anxiety if is not met but does not provide self-growth - Essential for maintenance of life - Answer- Maslow's 5 th level is the "growth need" - Enables self-actualization and reach of full potential - Answer- Maslow's What is level 1 on Maslow's pyramid? - Answer- Physiological What is level 2 on Maslow's pyramid? - Answer- Safety What is level 3 on Maslow's pyramid? - Answer- Love/belonging What is level 4 on Maslow's pyramid? - Answer- Esteem What is level 5 on Maslow's pyramid? - Answer- Self-actualization Anxiety, anger, acute illness that they don't understand can trigger aggression, it can escalate to physical aggression. Gang violence is common in the ED or acute setting. - Answer- Risk factors contributing to client violence outdoor or indoor - Outdoor- car, factories, power plants - Indoors- carbon monoxide, mites, smoke, mold, rodent, pets, noise - Answer- Air pollution Inadequate or untreated human, industries or agriculture waste reaches the water - Answer- Water contamination Improper waste contaminated water into the soil or excessive use of pesticides - Answer- Soil contamination Using rails to restrict the patient's independence is considered a restraint and can cause more harm. DO NOT use this method of restraint. - Answer- Safety considerations related to side rails Best source of pain measurement? - Answer- Patient description of symptoms is the most reliable source.