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Notities klinische biologische psychologie 2023 1MA VUB
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1KLINISCHE BIOLOGISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE
INHOUD
Introductie ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
Onderwijsteam .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Doelstellingen + situering .................................................................................................................................... 6
Hoorcolleges ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
Evaluatie .............................................................................................................................................................. 6
WPO’s .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Evaluatie .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Voorbereiding ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Topics: subklinische populaties ....................................................................................................................... 8
Onderwerpen literatuuroverzicht ................................................................................................................... 8
Keuze onderwerp ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Opstellen onderzoeksvraag ............................................................................................................................. 9
Literatuuroverzicht .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 10
Presentatie .................................................................................................................................................... 10
Deadlines ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
Evaluatie ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
Neurobiologische perspectieven op autisme .................................................................................................. 11
Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 11
Wat is autisme? ................................................................................................................................................. 11
DSM-V ........................................................................................................................................................... 11
Cognitieve theorieën ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Theory of Mind Baron-Cohen et al., 1990 ..................................................................................................... 11
Executief Dysfunctioneren Pennington & Ozonoff, 1996 ............................................................................. 12
Centrale Coherentie Frith, 1989 .................................................................................................................... 12
Neuro-ontwikkeling........................................................................................................................................... 12
Early Brain Overgrowth Theory (Courchesne et al., 2007) ............................................................................ 12
Over-pruning hypothesis (Thomas et al., 2016) ............................................................................................ 13
Excitatie-inhibitie Imbalans (Rubenstein & Merzenich, 2003) ...................................................................... 13
Primitive Brain Dysfunction Hypothesis (Jure, 2022) .................................................................................... 13
Belangrijke hersennetwerken ........................................................................................................................... 14
Saillantienetwerk .......................................................................................................................................... 14
Default Mode Network (DMN) ...................................................................................................................... 14
Central Executive Network (CEN) .................................................................................................................. 14
, 2
Samenspel! Hersenorkest ............................................................................................................................. 14
4e grote speler = Het Voorspellende Brein ................................................................................................... 15
Cerebellum: Functies .................................................................................................................................... 15
Anatomisch (structureel) Fatemi et al., 2012 ................................................................................................ 15
Neurobiologisch Fatemi et al., 2012 ............................................................................................................. 16
Connectiviteit ................................................................................................................................................ 16
Cerebello-cerebrale connecties .................................................................................................................... 16
Ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................................. 16
Neurobiologische Theorieën (en het cerebellum) ............................................................................................. 17
Saillantie ........................................................................................................................................................ 17
Predictie ........................................................................................................................................................ 18
Integratief Kader ............................................................................................................................................... 20
Klinische Toepassingen?.................................................................................................................................... 20
Diagnostisch .................................................................................................................................................. 20
Interventies/ therapie Medicatie? .................................................................................................................... 22
Medicatie? .................................................................................................................................................... 22
Neurostimulatie ............................................................................................................................................ 22
Neurowetenschappelijke interventies .......................................................................................................... 23
Over het algemeen ........................................................................................................................................ 23
Psycho-educatie ............................................................................................................................................ 23
De ziekte van parkinson & gerelateerde stoornissen ...................................................................................... 24
Lesinhoud .......................................................................................................................................................... 24
Hersengebieden en functies ............................................................................................................................. 24
Frontale kwab: dysfuncties ........................................................................................................................... 24
Parietale kwab: dysfuncties .......................................................................................................................... 25
Temporale kwab: dysfuncties ....................................................................................................................... 25
Occipitale kwab: (dys)functies ...................................................................................................................... 25
Hersenstam: (dys)functies ............................................................................................................................ 25
Cerebellum: (dys)functies ............................................................................................................................. 26
Basale ganglia ................................................................................................................................................ 26
De ziekte van parkinson .................................................................................................................................... 27
Pathofysiologie .............................................................................................................................................. 27
Basale ganglia ................................................................................................................................................ 28
Basale ganglia: connectiviteit ........................................................................................................................ 28
Connectiviteit met andere structuren........................................................................................................... 29
Frontostriataal netwerk ................................................................................................................................ 29
Parkinson’s disease PD ...................................................................................................................................... 30
, 3
Klinische manifestaties .................................................................................................................................. 30
Motorische symptomen – rigiditeit .............................................................................................................. 30
Motorische symptomen - bradykinesie ........................................................................................................ 31
Motorische symptomen - Tremor ................................................................................................................. 31
Motorische symptomen - gangstoornissen .................................................................................................. 31
Motorische symptomen - Freezing of gait (FOG) .......................................................................................... 31
Klinische manifestaties .................................................................................................................................. 32
Niet-motorische sytmpomen – depressie ..................................................................................................... 32
Niet-motorische symtpomen - Apathie ........................................................................................................ 32
Niet motorische symptomen - impulsieve en compulsieve gedrgingen ....................................................... 33
Niet motorische symtpomen - executyieve functies .................................................................................... 33
Niet-motorische symptomen - cognitieve beperkingen ............................................................................... 34
Niet-motorische symptomen - dementie...................................................................................................... 34
Parkinsonisme (Parkinson +) ......................................................................................................................... 34
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) ........................................................................................................................ 35
Pathofysiologie .............................................................................................................................................. 35
Klinische Manifestaties ................................................................................................................................. 35
Fenotypes & Klinische Manifestaties ............................................................................................................ 36
Progressive supranuclear palsy ......................................................................................................................... 37
Pathofysiologie .............................................................................................................................................. 37
Fenotypes & Klinische Manifestaties ............................................................................................................ 37
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) ...................................................................................................................... 38
Pathofysiologie .............................................................................................................................................. 38
Fenotypes & Klinische Manifestaties ............................................................................................................ 39
Lewy body dementia ......................................................................................................................................... 39
Pathofysiologie .............................................................................................................................................. 40
Klinische Manifestaties ................................................................................................................................. 40
Progressie ...................................................................................................................................................... 41
Rol van de psycholoog....................................................................................................................................... 41
Neuropsychologisch onderzoek bij bewegingsstoornissen ........................................................................... 41
Neuropsychologisch onderzoek .................................................................................................................... 42
Neuropsychologische principes bij de revalidatie van bewegingsstoornissen ............................................. 43
Schizofrenie.................................................................................................................................................... 44
Kenmerken ........................................................................................................................................................ 44
Drie types symptomen .................................................................................................................................. 44
Verloop en geslacht....................................................................................................................................... 44
Erfelijkheid ........................................................................................................................................................ 45
, 4
Verwanten ..................................................................................................................................................... 45
Mutaties ........................................................................................................................................................ 45
Leeftijd van de vader ..................................................................................................................................... 46
Omgevingsinvloeden ......................................................................................................................................... 46
Epidemiologie................................................................................................................................................ 46
Rol van stress ................................................................................................................................................ 48
Ontwikkeling ..................................................................................................................................................... 49
Brein .............................................................................................................................................................. 49
Dopaminehypothese ......................................................................................................................................... 51
Pathways ....................................................................................................................................................... 51
Aanwijzingen ................................................................................................................................................. 51
Mesolimbisch systeem: VTA ......................................................................................................................... 52
Tegenargumenten ......................................................................................................................................... 52
Hypofrontaliteit ............................................................................................................................................. 52
Glutamaathypothese .................................................................................................................................... 52
Motoriek en forward models ............................................................................................................................ 53
Corollary discharge........................................................................................................................................ 53
Evolutionaire paradox ....................................................................................................................................... 54
Creativiteit ..................................................................................................................................................... 54
N400 en openheid ......................................................................................................................................... 55
Verslaving ...................................................................................................................................................... 56
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................. 56
Definitie ......................................................................................................................................................... 56
Waarom? ....................................................................................................................................................... 56
Beloningssystemen ........................................................................................................................................... 58
Positieve bekrachtiging ................................................................................................................................. 60
Negatieve bekrachtiging ............................................................................................................................... 64
Executieve systemen ......................................................................................................................................... 65
Stress ................................................................................................................................................................. 66
Stressystemen ............................................................................................................................................... 66
Overzicht ........................................................................................................................................................... 68
Non-invasieve hersenstimulatie ..................................................................................................................... 69
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................. 69
Non-invasieve hersenstimulatie ........................................................................................................................ 70
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (tms) ...................................................................................................... 70
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)............................................................................................. 71
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) .................................................................................... 73
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