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Samenvatting Diervoeding Paard
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Samenvatting diervoeding paard
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DIERVOEDING PAARDINHOUDSOPGAVE
hoofdstuk 1: anatomie en fysiologie ................................................................................................... 3
spijsvertering paard .............................................................................................................................. 3
paard is gemaakt om svs-problemen te krijgen ............................................................................ 4
herbivoor vs carnivoor .................................................................................................................. 4
fermentatieproces ......................................................................................................................... 5
paard (niet-herkauwer) VS rund (herkauwer) ............................................................................... 5
fysiologie vertering paard ..................................................................................................................... 8
voederopname .............................................................................................................................. 8
soorten vertering (!!) ..................................................................................................................... 9
ruwvoeder is essentieel ................................................................................................................ 9
vertering in werking ..................................................................................................................... 10
voederbehoeften ................................................................................................................................ 18
energiebehoefte .......................................................................................................................... 18
hoofdstuk 2: paarden voederen: praktisch ....................................................................................... 23
oog van de meester ........................................................................................................................... 23
het paard beoordelen ......................................................................................................................... 24
gedrag ......................................................................................................................................... 24
voedingstoestand ........................................................................................................................ 24
voedermiddelen: de klassiekers......................................................................................................... 27
water ........................................................................................................................................... 27
droge stof: bepaalt voederopname! ............................................................................................ 28
krachtvoeder ............................................................................................................................... 28
ruwvoer – ruwvoer – ruwvoer!! ................................................................................................... 30
supplementen ............................................................................................................................. 36
hoofdstuk 3: voedermanagement ...................................................................................................... 38
praktische mogelijkheden .................................................................................................................. 38
praktische mogelijkheden .................................................................................................................. 39
hoe bijvoederen? ........................................................................................................................ 39
rantsoenberekening en problemen door voeding............................................................................ 43
gouden regels voor praktijk ................................................................................................................ 43
minimale hoeveelheid RV ........................................................................................................... 43
maximale hoeveelheid KV .......................................................................................................... 43
grazing and browsing existence ................................................................................................. 43
de principes ........................................................................................................................................ 44
energiebehoefte dier ................................................................................................................... 45
energiegehalte rantsoen ............................................................................................................. 45
1
, berekening E-behoefte paard ............................................................................................................ 45
systeem specifiek voor PAARDEN: VEP .................................................................................... 45
2e systeem specifiek voor paarden: EWPa ................................................................................ 46
berekening eiwitbehoefte paard ......................................................................................................... 46
berekening waterbehoefte ................................................................................................................. 46
voorbeeldoefening sheikh .................................................................................................................. 47
Voedingsgerelateerde problemen ..................................................................................................... 49
Koliek ................................................................................................................................................. 49
hoofdoorzaken koliek .................................................................................................................. 50
Diarree ............................................................................................................................................... 50
Hyperlipidemie ................................................................................................................................... 51
Maandagziekte ................................................................................................................................... 51
Voedselallergie .................................................................................................................................. 52
Aangepast rantsoen ............................................................................................................................ 52
Voederen naar levensstadium ........................................................................................................... 52
het opgroeiende paard................................................................................................................ 52
Het volwassen paard .................................................................................................................. 56
de senior ..................................................................................................................................... 58
2
, HOOFDSTUK 1: ANATOMIE EN FYSIOLOGIE
SPIJSVERTERING PAARD
• Hypsodont gebit
o Tanden hebben een bepaalde lengte, tand w/ continu in richting van de mond “geduwd”
• Maag
o ± 8L (klein ngl opname)
• Dunne darm
o Definitieve lengte op 4w
o ±20-25m
• Caecum
o Blinde darm, komma vormig
o 1,2m
• Rest DD
o Neemt toe in lengte
o Colon zelfs tot 20j
• Colon crassum: 4m
• Colon tenue: 4m
• Rectum: 0,3m
3
, Linker zijaanzicht Rechter zijaanzicht
• Volwassen paard: 600kg
o 30kg GI stelsel (leeg), 6kg lever
• Invloed activiteit!!
o Duidelijk minder gewicht tijdens arbeid
▪ Normaal w/ bloed naar mesenterische bloedvaten gestuurd, maar tijdens
arbeid w/
• Conclusie anatomie
o Enorme lengte
o Vele bochten en vernauwingen
o Fermentatie met gasvorming
o Gemaakt om problemen te krijgen
▪ Vaak koliek!
PAARD IS GEMAAKT OM SVS-PROBLEMEN TE KRIJGEN
• Darmstelsel
o Lang
o Veel bochten
o Veel vernauwingen
• Vertering voeder → gasproductie → fermentatie
• Zwevende inhoud en gas in lang, kronkelig, veranderlijk stelsel
• Gemaakt om in de knoop te slaan
• Paard = hindgutfermenteerder
HERBIVOOR VS CARNIVOOR
CARNIVOOR
• Tanden
o Af- en verscheuren vlees
• Maag
o HCl → vertering op gang (zuur)
o Enzymatische vertering
• Dunne darm (dd)
o Absorptie nutriënten
• Caecum
o “Nutteloos” aanhangsel
• Rest dikke darm (DD)
o ± enkel re-adsorptie water ervoor nagenoeg geen bacteriën
o Bacteriën in colon maken vit, maar opname?
• SS
o ± 6 x lengte dier
▪ Vrij kort
4
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