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  5. Oorzaken van ziekten 3.2 (GK03.4)

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Theme 6: Acute life-threatening conditions. A complete summary of all exam material!
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  • Course
  • Oorzaken van ziekten 3.2 (GK03.4)
  • Institution
  • Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)

Upon recommendation of my fellow students, I now sell my summaries! In this summary, I use a lot of images, tables and enumerations. This means you don't have to read long pieces of boring and complicated text. This summary contains all the material of the books, lectures and learning objectives. T...

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Document information

  • March 13, 2023
  • 185
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • heart failure
  • ards
  • heart attack
  • burns
  • asthma and copd
  • acidosis and alkalosis
  • abcde
  • sepsis
  • shock
  • wounds
  • pulmonary embolism
  • physiology the curves

Written for

  • Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)
  • Geneeskunde
  • Oorzaken van ziekten 3.2 (GK03.4)
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Theme 6:


Immediate life-
threatening
conditions
Summary




1

,Inhoud
Week 1: Basic life support ....................................................................................................................... 6
Primary survey ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Critical care medicine ........................................................................................................................ 11
Clinical approach to the critically ill patient .................................................................................. 11
Applied cardiorespiratory physiology ........................................................................................... 11
Cardiovascular assessment and monitoring of critically ill patients ............................................. 13
Less invasive techniques for assessing cardiac function and guiding volume replacement ......... 13
Disturbances in acid-base balance ................................................................................................ 13
Shock, sepsis and acute disturbances in haemodynamic function ............................................... 14
Respiratory failure ......................................................................................................................... 17
Acute respiratory distress syndrome ............................................................................................ 17
Acute kidney injury ........................................................................................................................ 18
Neurocritical care .......................................................................................................................... 19
Outcomes ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Major injury ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Chest injuries ................................................................................................................................. 22
Soft tissue injuries and burns ............................................................................................................ 25
Soft tissue injury ............................................................................................................................ 25
Major soft tissue injury.................................................................................................................. 25
Peripheral nerve injuries ............................................................................................................... 26
Necrotising fasciitis........................................................................................................................ 27
Burns.............................................................................................................................................. 27
Immunity, inflammation and infection ............................................................................................. 31
The immune system ...................................................................................................................... 31
Inflammation ................................................................................................................................. 31
Wound healing .............................................................................................................................. 32
Chronic inflammation .................................................................................................................... 33
Infection ........................................................................................................................................ 34
Sepsis ............................................................................................................................................. 34
Skin infections ................................................................................................................................... 37
Physiology.......................................................................................................................................... 39
Physiology: THE curves ...................................................................................................................... 44
Acid-base regulation...................................................................................................................... 48
Fracture management ....................................................................................................................... 50
Spine .............................................................................................................................................. 50


2

, Management of spinal paralysis.................................................................................................... 51
Pelvis .............................................................................................................................................. 52
Week 2: Acute back/abdominal/thorax pain ........................................................................................ 54
Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 54
IC physiology...................................................................................................................................... 56
Physiology: Respiratory insufficiency ................................................................................................ 60
Vascular emergencies: aortic dissection and thoracic aneurysm ..................................................... 64
Hypovolaemic shock and traumatic aortic rupture........................................................................... 69
Abdominal pain and shock ................................................................................................................ 74
Gastro-intestinal bleeding ................................................................................................................. 79
Pathophysiology, clinical features and diagnosis of vascular disease affecting the limbs................ 81
Vascular insufficiency of the limb.................................................................................................. 81
Symptoms and signs in the limb .................................................................................................... 82
Pain ................................................................................................................................................ 83
Skin changes .................................................................................................................................. 84
Lower limb ulceration.................................................................................................................... 85
Limb swelling ................................................................................................................................. 87
Managing lower limb arterial insufficiency: the diabetic foot and major amputations ................... 88
Acute lower limb ischaemia .......................................................................................................... 88
Management of the acutely ischaemic limb ................................................................................. 88
Aneurysms and other peripheral arterial disorders .......................................................................... 90
Aneurysms ..................................................................................................................................... 90
Arterial insufficiency in other organs ............................................................................................ 92
Long-term follow-up after surgery ................................................................................................ 92
Week 3: Shortness of breath ................................................................................................................. 93
Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 93
IC physiology...................................................................................................................................... 96
Meet the expert ................................................................................................................................ 99
Asthma........................................................................................................................................... 99
Pulmonary embolism................................................................................................................... 100
Empyema ..................................................................................................................................... 100
Venous thromboembolic disease .................................................................................................... 102
Diagnosis...................................................................................................................................... 103
Management ............................................................................................................................... 104
Breathlessness ................................................................................................................................. 106
Lung cancer ..................................................................................................................................... 108


3

, Non-small cell lung cancer........................................................................................................... 108
Small cell lung cancer .................................................................................................................. 108
Metastases in the lung ................................................................................................................ 108
Pulmonary heart disease ................................................................................................................. 110
Pulmonary hypertension ............................................................................................................. 110
Respiratory disease ......................................................................................................................... 112
Asthma......................................................................................................................................... 113
COPD............................................................................................................................................ 114
Pneumonia .................................................................................................................................. 116
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax ......................................................................................... 118
Drugs............................................................................................................................................ 118
The heart ......................................................................................................................................... 119
Arrythmias ................................................................................................................................... 120
Bradycardia.................................................................................................................................. 120
Atrial tachyarrhythmias ............................................................................................................... 122
Ventricular tachyarrhythmias...................................................................................................... 123
Heart failure ................................................................................................................................ 124
Left-sided heart failure ................................................................................................................ 126
Right-sided heart failure .............................................................................................................. 127
Acute heart failure....................................................................................................................... 129
Hypertensive heart disease ......................................................................................................... 130
Valvular heart disease ................................................................................................................. 131
Cardiomyopathies ....................................................................................................................... 132
COVID-19 ARDS ............................................................................................................................... 136
Lung ultrasound in the patient with acute dyspnoea ..................................................................... 139
Week 4: Chest pain.............................................................................................................................. 143
Acute coronary syndromes ............................................................................................................. 143
Anatomy and physiology ................................................................................................................. 147
Angina pectoris ................................................................................................................................ 150
Collapse ........................................................................................................................................... 153
Dyspnoea after myocardial infarction ............................................................................................. 155
ECG in ACS ....................................................................................................................................... 157
Subendocardial ischaemia ........................................................................................................... 159
Transmural ischaemia ................................................................................................................. 161
Tamponade...................................................................................................................................... 164
Acute pericarditis ........................................................................................................................ 164


4

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