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Summary Human Biology H6 $3.23   Add to cart
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Summary

Summary Human Biology H6
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  • Course
  • Human biology
  • Institution
  • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)

This summary Human Biology includes books, slides and lecture notes. Titles are clearly marked in color, and expressed figures are all included. The text is written in English. Good luck, it worked for me ;-)!

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Document information

  • July 10, 2016
  • 4
  • 2015/2016
  • Summary

Subjects

  • human biology
  • psychologie

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  • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
  • Psychologie
  • Human biology
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Chapter 6 : The Muscular System
Muscles produce movement or generate tension
 Can generate heat (contraction of muscles accounts for ¾ of generated heat !)
 40% M/ 32%F body weight = muscles
 3 types : SKELETAL // CARDIAC // SMOOTH

Fundamental activity of muscle = CONTRACTION
1. Musles are Exitable : contract in reaction to chemical and/or electrical signals
2. One basic mechanism of action : They CONTRACT and then RELAX




SKELETAL MUSCLES (600) cause bones to move
 Synergetic muscles : muscle groups that work together to create the same movement <=> Antagonistic muscles
 Most are attached to bones via tendons, a few only to other muscles or toskin (eg muscles to smile)
 ORIGIN (one end of skeletal muscle) joints to a bone that remains relatively stationary. INSERTION (other end)
attaches to another bone across a joint => If muscle contracts : INSERTION is pulled towards ORIGIN ! (origin is
closer to midline of body, insertion is further away)

A muscle is composed of MANY MUSCLE CELLS with same origin/insertion/function
Muscle cells : are arranged in bundles ‘FASICLES’, containing up to 1000s of muscle fibers/cells wrapped in several
layers of a FIBROUS connective tissue ‘FASCIA’ => At end of muscle, all fasciae come together & form tendons (which
attach muscles to bones) :
 Long, tube shaped, Vary in length from few mm to 30 cm
 >1 Nucleus, just under cell membrane.
 The entire interior is packed w with ‘MYOFIBRILS’: long cylindrical structures in paralell, containing ‘contractile’
proteins ACTIN and MYOSIN. When myofribils contract => the muscle cells shortens.

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