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Summary Human Biology - H17
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  • Course
  • Human biology
  • Institution
  • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)

This summary Human Biology includes books, slides and lecture notes. Titles are clearly marked in color, and expressed figures are all included. The text is written in English. Good luck, it worked for me ;-)!

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  • July 10, 2016
  • 7
  • 2015/2016
  • Summary

Subjects

  • human biology

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  • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
  • Psychologie
  • Human biology
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Chapter 17 : Cell reproduction & Differentiation

The cell cycle creates new cells
= Repetivite sequence that consists of 2 periods (18-24h)
INTERPHASE : long-growth period + DNA is duplicated (7-8h) in preparation :
 G1 phase = First gap : Period from last cell division to DNA synthesis => Very active cell growth, cell is smallest now
 S phase = Synthesis of DNA : cell’s chromosomes are duplicated => Growth continues, but at smaller pace
 G2 phase = Second gap : Cell continues to grow slowly to prepare for cell division
MITOTIC PHASE : shorter (45min) – First nucleus and then cytoplasm divide :
 Mitosis : duplicated DNA is divided into 2 sets, and nucleus divides
 Cytokinesis : Cytoplasm divides and 2 new cells (daughter cells) are formed.

G0 = Most cells come in non-growing/dividing state => Some can be called back, others not.(eg neurons and osteocytes
remain in G0 forever after adolescence)




Replication, transcription, and translation

DNA = double-stranded string of nucleotides intertwined, packed onto 46 chroms which organise DNA in nucleus.
Chromosomes : acontain proteins “HISTONES” that give structure to the chromosome mol.
 During INTERPHASE only grainy substance, “chromatine material” (not visible, long & thin)
 Just before nucleus divides : duplicated chroms condens briefly into shorter, compact shape (move a lot during
division and compactness prevents breaking).

A visible duplicated chromosome : consists of 2 identical CHROMATIDS held together by a CENTOMERE.

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