Engineering students of first year will need quantum mechanics as this is a part of their syllabus so here is the summary that will also help in your university exams.
Dual Nature Of Radiation - Quantum Physics - Engineering
Physics 1
A radiation is a transfer of energy from a source to a destination. This emission of energy
can occur in the form of particles or packets of energy, which is known as the dual nature of
radiation. Let's analyse how radiation works with an example of light as the source. In
history, there were studies that suggested that light was considered to be in the form of a
wave. However, in the later half of the 19th century, wave and particle nature were studied
together, and this led to a theory that we will discuss in the upcoming slides.
Photoelectric Effect - Quantum Physics - Engineering
Physics 1
Photoelectric effect is the release of electrons or free carriers when light impinges on a
material.For some materials, like metals, electricity is conducted by electrons or carriers. The
energy needed by an electron to begin emitting is called 'work function'. The ideal material
would have a low threshold energy - this could be an important question in your academic
examination.The minimum energy you need to give for photoemission to begin is equal to
the threshold level. You will only obtain kinetic energy for the remaining 75 energy. It's
essential to remember that as wavelength (lambda) decreases, energy increases
De Broglie Relation and Matter Waves - Quantum Physics -
Engineering Physics 1
Quantum Physics Quantum physics is the study of the smallest particles that make up
matter. According to scientists, even a small particle like an atom is now considered to be a
wave, thanks to D. Broccoli's hypothesis. This hypothesis applies to all particles that are
moving and not to stationary objects. If your mass is 'm' and you are moving with a velocity
'v,' then you will have a wavelength corresponding to the lambda. This is the equation of D.
Broccoli's hypothesis:λ=h/mvIt means that matter waves are only detectable for moving
particles. The behaviour of micro particles will be significant, while the waves associated
with macro bodies can never be detected. This could be an essential question for your
theory exams. So, what are the conclusions of D. Broccoli's hypothesis? They are nothing but
just the mathematical implementations of the values of 'm' and 'v.' Do remember that 'h' is a
constant and can never be changed. So, this could be a crucial question for the theory
exams.
Even in vacuum, an object can move with a velocity and still have a non-zero mass, meaning
that its lambda will also never be equal to zero. Therefore, its wave will start moving and
matter waves can travel through vacuum. The velocity of such matter waves is greater than
that of light, and they exhibit diffraction similar to other waves.Let's take an example of a
charged particle, an electron, which has a negative charge of magnitude "e". When such a
charged particle is accelerated by a potential difference "v", it gains kinetic energy similar to
the charge being accelerated at higher velocities. This formula can be modified for any
charge "q" and any voltage "v". Thus, by calculating the value of "mv" in this situation, we can
determine the value of lambda, or h upon 2mk e, which is an important formula that relates
lambda, kinetic energy, and the mass of the electron.
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