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Notities psychogerontologie VUB 1MA
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Notities van de hoorcolleges van psychogerontologie. Wordt steeds aangepast na de les. Je kan de nieuwe versie dan telkens gratis downloaden. Veel succes!!
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PSYCHOGERONTOLOGIE HOCINHOUD
Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
Lessen ............................................................................................................................................................... 9
Examen ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
Hoorcolleges ................................................................................................................................................... 9
Lesopnames .................................................................................................................................................... 9
Les 1: belangrijke thema’s en begrippen bij veroudering ............................................... 10
Overzicht les ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Psychogerontologie .................................................................................................................................... 10
Definitie ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
Kennismaking met de wereld van de oudere .............................................................................. 10
Vergrijzing ouderen ................................................................................................................................... 10
Wie zijn ze? ............................................................................................................................................... 10
Enkele cijfers ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Levensverwachting ................................................................................................................................ 13
Biopsychosociale perspectief.................................................................................................................. 14
Vier principes van het ouder worden .................................................................................................. 14
Persoonlijk vs. sociaal ouder worden .................................................................................................. 16
Modellen van ontwikkeling ...................................................................................................................... 17
Nature vs nurture ................................................................................................................................... 17
Nature en nurture in wisselwerking ................................................................................................ 17
Benaderingen van de vergrijzing en het verouderingsproces ................................................... 18
Biologische benadering ........................................................................................................................ 19
Psychologische benadering ................................................................................................................. 23
Socioculturele benadering ................................................................................................................... 26
Les 2: fysieke veranderingen bij veroudering ....................................................................... 28
Overzicht ........................................................................................................................................................ 28
Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................... 28
1. Verschijning............................................................................................................................................. 28
De huid ....................................................................................................................................................... 28
De nagels, neus, oren en tanden ..................................................................................................... 29
Het haar ..................................................................................................................................................... 29
2. Lichaamsbouw ........................................................................................................................................ 30
3. Bewegingsstelsel ................................................................................................................................... 30
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, 4. Vitale lichaamsfuncties ....................................................................................................................... 31
Cardiovasculaire systeem.................................................................................................................... 31
Ademhalingsstelsel ................................................................................................................................ 32
Urinestelsel ............................................................................................................................................... 32
Spijsverteringsstelsel ............................................................................................................................ 32
Samengevat ............................................................................................................................................. 33
5. Controlesystemen van het lichaam ................................................................................................ 33
Endocriene stelsel .................................................................................................................................. 33
Endocriene stelsel: seksuele veranderingen ................................................................................ 35
Immuunsysteem ..................................................................................................................................... 35
6. Zenuwstelsel ........................................................................................................................................... 36
Slaap ........................................................................................................................................................... 36
Temperatuur............................................................................................................................................. 37
7. Sensatie en perceptie .......................................................................................................................... 37
Zicht ............................................................................................................................................................ 37
Gehoor ........................................................................................................................................................ 38
Evenwicht .................................................................................................................................................. 38
Reuk en smaak ........................................................................................................................................ 38
Pijn ............................................................................................................................................................... 38
Les 3: fysieke gezondheid (ziektebeelden) ............................................................................. 39
Overzicht ........................................................................................................................................................ 39
Achtergrond .................................................................................................................................................. 39
1. Ziekten van het cardiovasculaire systeem .................................................................................. 39
hart en bloedvaten ................................................................................................................................. 39
2. Kanker ....................................................................................................................................................... 41
3. Ziekten van het musculoskeletale systeem ................................................................................ 41
4. Diabetes (suikerziekte) ....................................................................................................................... 42
5. Ziekten van het ademhalingsstelsel .............................................................................................. 42
Les 4: cognitie en gezond ouder worden ................................................................................. 43
Gehanteerde literatuur ............................................................................................................................. 43
Cognitie .......................................................................................................................................................... 43
Twee soorten cognitie ............................................................................................................................... 43
Stabiliteit en achteruitgang ................................................................................................................ 43
General Slowing (fluid intelligence) ................................................................................................ 44
PRODUKTmaat en procesmat ............................................................................................................ 45
WAIS: WECHSLER Intelligence Scale ................................................................................................. 45
2
, Fluid en crystallized intelligence in intelligentietests .................................................................... 45
Invloed van het verouderen op de crystallized (stabiliteit, produktmaat) en fluid
(achteruitgang, procesmaat) intelligence ......................................................................................... 46
Fluid en crystallized intelligence in het dagelijks leven ............................................................... 46
Cognitie .......................................................................................................................................................... 47
Cognitieve achteruitgang: Distale factoren .................................................................................. 47
Cognitieve achteruitgang: Proximale factoren ............................................................................ 48
Implicaties voor het functioneren ........................................................................................................ 54
Consequenties van het verminderd functioneren .......................................................................... 54
Cognitieve training ..................................................................................................................................... 55
Wanneer is het probleem ernstig? ....................................................................................................... 55
Met ouderen werken.................................................................................................................................. 55
Werken met ouderen: praktisch ....................................................................................................... 56
Voorbeeld Mini Mental State Examination ........................................................................................ 56
Les 5: Cognitie en pathologisch ouder worden (verschillende ziektebeelden) .... 57
Pathologische veroudering ...................................................................................................................... 57
Delirium ...................................................................................................................................................... 57
Dementie ................................................................................................................................................... 58
Dementie; BPSD ..................................................................................................................................... 58
Dementie (DSM IV): DSM 5 ................................................................................................................... 59
Terminologie ............................................................................................................................................. 59
MCI: beperkte neurocognitieve stoornis ....................................................................................... 60
Dementie: risicofactoren ..................................................................................................................... 61
Dementie: vormen ................................................................................................................................. 62
Dementie; soorten ..................................................................................................................................... 62
Dementie; Ziekte van Alzheimer ...................................................................................................... 63
Frontotemporale dementie (FTD) ..................................................................................................... 67
Lewy Body dementie (DLB) ................................................................................................................ 67
Ziekte van Parkinson............................................................................................................................. 68
Vasculaire dementie .............................................................................................................................. 68
Dementie: Behandeling ............................................................................................................................ 69
Amnestische stoornissen ......................................................................................................................... 69
Depressie ....................................................................................................................................................... 69
Diagnostiek van neurodegeneratieve aandoeningen .................................................................... 70
Diagnostische principes ........................................................................................................................ 70
Diagnostische proces ............................................................................................................................ 70
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, Met ouderen werken.............................................................................................................................. 70
Diagnostische instrumenten: Cognitieve mogelijkheden en BPSD ..................................... 71
Omgaan met de persoon met dementie (niet vanbuiten kennen) .......................................... 72
Algemene aandachtspunten ............................................................................................................... 72
Belevingswereld ...................................................................................................................................... 73
Omgang en communicatie .................................................................................................................. 73
Omgang: algemeen ............................................................................................................................... 74
persoonsgerichte zorg .......................................................................................................................... 75
Gastles: zelfbeschadiging bij oudere volwassenen ............................................................. 76
Wie ben ik? ................................................................................................................................................... 76
Wat is zelfbeschadiging?.......................................................................................................................... 76
BREDE DEFINITIE ................................................................................................................................... 76
Suïcidaal versus niet suïcidaal ........................................................................................................... 77
Rechtstreeks versus onrechtstreeks ............................................................................................... 77
ACTIEF VERSUS LATENT ...................................................................................................................... 78
Prevalentie bij oudere volwassenen ................................................................................................ 78
Methoden bij oudere volwassenen ................................................................................................... 79
Heterotypische continuïteit ................................................................................................................. 79
Methoden en functies ............................................................................................................................ 79
Waarom is onderzoek bij oudere volwassenen belangrijk? ........................................................ 80
Rationele .................................................................................................................................................... 80
Wat houdt mijn doctoraatsonderzoek in? ......................................................................................... 80
Overzicht van de studies ..................................................................................................................... 80
Wat vertelt de literatuur ons?............................................................................................................ 80
Wat vertellen experts uit de ouderenzorg ons? .......................................................................... 82
WAT vertellen de vragenlijsten ons die door jullie verzameld werden? ............................ 84
Wat wil dit nu allemaal zeggen? ........................................................................................................... 85
Praktische implicaties en suggesties voor toekomstig onderzoek ....................................... 85
Gastles: Een leven met of zonder kinderen? De impact van kinderloosheid op het
welzijn van ouderen............................................................................................................................ 87
Wie ben ik? ................................................................................................................................................... 87
PhD-onderzoek (2020-2024) ................................................................................................................. 87
Overzicht doctoraat ................................................................................................................................... 87
Enkele algemene cijfers over de enquête-afname ........................................................................ 88
Enkele algemene cijfers over de enquêtes (n = 653) .............................................................. 88
Enkele algemene cijfers over de enquêtes ................................................................................... 88
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