Voor noten boven en onder de notenbalk worden hulplijntjes gebruikt.
Voor hele hoge of lage noten zijn dan erg veel hulplijntjes nodig, om deze te voorkomen wordt
gebruik gemaakt van de octaaf-verplaatsings-tekens:
8 va ottava: speel een octaaf hoger of lager
8 vb of 8 vbassa ottava: speel een octaaf lager
15 ma Quindecima: speel 2 octaven hoger of lager
loco speel de noten vanaf deze plaats weer op de normale hoogte
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