ATI TEAS 7 Biology Review

ATI TEAS 7 Biology Review. a. TEMPERATURE HOMEOSTASIS ¾ skin is involved in temperature homeostasis through sweat glands a. Controlled by negative feedback system a. Receptor i. Sensory cells in dermis of skin b. Control center i. Hypothalamus c. Effector i. Sweat glands, blood vessels, and muscles (shivering) ii. Evaporation of sweat cools body iii. Vasodilation of blood vessels release heat into environment to lower body temperature SEBACEOUS VS SWEAT GLANDS a. Both exocrine glands a. Secrete substances into ducts i. Through ducts to the surface of the skin 1. Sebaceous glands a. Holocrine glands i. Secrete sebum 1. Oily mixture of lipids and proteins b. Connected to hair follicles and secrete sebum through hair pore Macromolecules: Carbohydrate, Lipid, Nucleic Acid, Protein, Enzyme Carbohydrate: Sugars and starches which body breaks down to glucose ● Structural function: cellulose and chitin ● Energy storage: amylose, amylopectin, glycogen ● Recognition molecules: glycoproteins and glycolipids Lipids: Fatty acids and their derivatives that are soluble in water ● H and C and main components ● Fats ● Hydrophobic- thus help separate aqueous compartments ● Store energy (fats, oils, adipose) Protein: Molecules composed of amino acids joined by peptide bonds ● Monomer: amino acids (amino group + carboxylic acid)(20 types) ● Keratin and Collagen (hydrophobic)- not soluble in water, found in structural protein ● Globular proteins are hydrophilic (hemoglobin, antibodies, enzymes) ● Function as transport carries or signal transfer Nucleic Acids: Long molecules made of nucleotides; DNA and RNA ● DNA stores genetic material ● Chromosomes ● RNA is a messenger (mRNA) also rRNA and tRNA Enzymes: Class of protein that catalyze biochemical reactions ● Not consumed in reaction ● Speed up reaction by lowering activation energy ● Exergonic: release energy ● Endergonic: require energy ● Energy is supplied and released as ATP ● Lock and Key (substrate must fit into enzymes active site)