MVU Nurs 623 Exam 2 with 100% correct answers

Common endocrine problems Hirsutism Alopecia Gynecomastia Increased neck mass Polydipsia Polyphagia Polyuria Unexplaned weight gain/loss Organize endocrine disorders Glandular Disorders Thyroid parathyroid pituatary adrenal Diabetes DM1 DM@ hypoglycemia Metabolic disorders Obesity Gout 00:00 01:28 Pituatary gland the endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, it regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. When thyroid hormone levels in the blood are low, the pituitary releases more TSH. When thyroid hormone levels are high, the pituitary decreases TSH production. When theres a problem in the pituatary you will see tsh and T4 both down. How to differentiate hypothyroid and hyperthyroidism. What differentiates one from the other •Causes •Clinical presentation •Diagnostic tests •Treatment Hyperthyroidism •Excess secretion & synthesis of one or both: Thyroxine (t4) triiodothroinine (t3) Long term effects without treatment: Heart disease osteoporosis Mental disease infertility Hyperthyroidism clinical findings "Hot/buldging/fast" -intolerance to heat -thin fine hair -bulging eyes (exopthalmus) -thryomegaly -tachycardia -HTN -weight loss -Tremors. -pretibial myxedema (thickening of skin on shins usually) -decreased visual acuity -photophobia. Hypothyroid clinical manifestations "cold/slow/tired" -Intolerance to cold, coarse hair/ hair loss, extreme -fatigue, lethargy, slow speech, constipation, brittle -hair/ nails. -High TSH -Low free T4 levels -Once confirmed diagnosis of hypothyroidism, -thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) to confirm -Hashimoto's thyroiditis (gold standard for diagnosis of Hashimoto's) hyperthyroidism causes Graves disease (diffuse toxic goiter) is most common. Subacute or painless thyroiditis. Toxic nodular goiter. Factitious hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism causes Hashimoto thyroiditis (90% of cases) Subacute painless lymphocytic thyroiditis Hypopituitarism, iodine deficiency, enzyme deficiency Drugs: Amiodarone, lithium, sulfonamides, phenylbutazone Hypothalamic dysfunction/hypopituitarism Diagnostic tests for thyroid problems TSH Free T 4 - meds can alter labs: Steroids, adrogens, estrogens, salicylates, heparine, iodine containing coumpounds. If Ft4 normal, then do FT3 Also do CBC and LFT