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Sumario Resumen Segundo Bachillerato
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Resumen del tema 4 en el que se juntan Proteínas y biocatalizadores. Subido en Word para que cada uno lo cambie como quiera.
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TEMA 4Contenido
TEMA 4.........................................................................................................................................1
Proteína y biocatalizadores..........................................................................................................1
1.1. Aminoácidos proteicos......................................................................................................2
1.1.1. Aminoácidos esenciales..............................................................................................3
1.2. Clasificación aminoácidos proteicos..................................................................................4
1.3. Propiedades de los aminoácidos:......................................................................................8
1.4. Enlace peptídico..............................................................................................................11
2. Estructura de las proteínas.....................................................................................................12
2.1. Primaria...........................................................................................................................12
2.2. Secundaria.......................................................................................................................12
2.3. Terciaria...........................................................................................................................13
2.4. Cuaternaria......................................................................................................................13
3 PROPIEDADES DE LAS PROTEÍNAS.......................................................................................14
4. Clasificación proteínas........................................................................................................15
5. Funciones generales de las proteínas.................................................................................15
6. Actividad enzimática...........................................................................................................16
7. Estructura de la enzima......................................................................................................16
8. Actividad enzimática...........................................................................................................16
9. Las coenzimas.....................................................................................................................18
10. Vitaminas..........................................................................................................................18
Proteína y biocatalizadores
1. Proteínas son macromoléculas de elevado peso molecular. Son
polipéptidos constituidos por la unión de aminoácidos. Realizan
variadas funciones biológicas como transporte de otras
moléculas, regulación hormonal, etc
,1.1. Aminoácidos proteicos
Existen 20 tipos de aminoácidos proteicos que forman parte
de las proteínas. No todos (los aminoácidos) forman parte de
estas.
Todos los aminoácidos proteicos presentan:
o 1 grupo amino (-NH2)
o 1 grupo carboxilo (-COOH)
(Unidos por enlaces covalentes al átomo central)
Enlace covalente
, 1.1.1. Aminoácidos esenciales
De los 20 aminoácidos proteicos hay 10 que no
podemos sintetizar y deben ser ingeridos por la
dieta. Por eso se llaman aminoácidos esenciales:
o Treonina o Valina
o Metionina o Leucina
o Lisina o Isoleucina
o Triptófano o Fenilalanina
Durante la infancia:
o Histidina
o Arginina
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