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Summary 12.1 Merit
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12.1 M1Ultrafiltration and related to the structure of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule:
Ultrafiltration takes place at the barrier between the blood as well as the filtrate within the
renal capsule or else Bowman's capsule in the kidneys. This Bowman's capsule consists of a
dense capillary network which is named the glomerulus. The blood first flows into these
capillaries across the afferent arteriole, and then it exists through the efferent arteriole.
Plus, the blood pressure within the efferent arteriole is greater in comparison to the blood
pressure within the afferent arteriole. Due to the reason being that the efferent arteriole
has a smaller diameter in comparison to the afferent arteriole.
The high hydrostatic pressure forces the small molecules like; water, glucose, amino acids,
sodium chloride and also urea to pass through the filter, from the blood within the
glomerular capsule across the basement membrane of the Bowman's capsule, also then into
the nephron. This procedure is named ultrafiltration. The fluid which is filtered in this way is
named the glomerular filtrate.
Selective Reabsorption:
Osmoregulation is the control of the water balance of the blood, tissue or cytoplasm of a
living organism.
The reabsorption of glucose, water and also salts within the proximal convoluted tubule,
including the roles of microvilli, osmosis and active transport;
The proximal convoluted tubule extends from the Bowman's capsule, also is where most of
the selective reabsorption within the nephron takes place. All glucose, amino acids, vitamins
as well as the hormones are reabsorbed here, and that too along with most (~80%) of the
mineral ions, also water. In addition, the proximal convoluted tubule consists of a microvilli
cell lining to rise the surface area for the absorption of the materials from the filtrate. Plus,
there are too a large quantity of the mitochondria within these cells, as reabsorption from
the filtrate includes active transport. When all of the materials have been actively
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