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Samenvatting daders 22-23
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SAMENVATTING DADERSWEEK 1:
CHAPTER 2: CHEMISTRY FOR CRIME P 27-45
Drie soorten ‘crimes’
- predatory crime: waarbij een dader andermans goed of lijf aanvalt
- Consensual Crime: Twee daders die samenwerken om de wetsregels te breken.
- Fighting: twee partijen in strijd die beiden illegaal handelen.
Drie fases van een ingrijp:
- De prelude: Alles wat voor het vergrijp voorafgaat, zoals door een buurt rijden, dronken worden of wachten
tot er niemand kijkt.
- Het incident: Het directe vergrijp, zoals iemand slaan, een raam intikken etc
- De aftermath: Alles wat na het vergrijp gebeurd, zoals vluchten, aangifte of een gestolen creditcard gebruiken.
Let op dat het gevolg weer een nieuw vergrijp kan zijn zoals de gestolen creditcard gebruiken.
Drie elementen voor een vergrijp:
- suitable target
Alles wat een offender kan uitnodigen het vergrijp te plegen, zoals een auto die niet op slot staat of een
makkelijk tasjesroofdoelwit.
- a likely offender
Zijn vaak jonge mannen die vroeg beginnen me misdaad die geen baan hebben en het slecht deden/doen op
school.
- absence of a guardian
Dit zijn niet alleen politieagenten maar ook gewoon dagelijkse burgers die zouden ingrijpen als zij het vergrijp
zouden zien gebeuren
De binnenste driehoek zijn de drie netgenoemde elementen voor een vergrijp. Handler
De buitenste driehoek zijn drie type van controle die de dader moet omzeilen wil hij het
vergrijp kunnen plegen. Allereerst de handler, dat zijn vader, moeder, broertjes en zusjes. Zij Offender
Supervisen dus de potential offender. Dan moet de dader een plek vinden waarbij zijn place
manager mist, want die zorgt ervoor dat er op die plek geen misdaad plaatsvind.
Daarna de guardians die op het target letten, als zij ook afwezig zijn kan het vergrijp
plaatsvinden. Place managers kunnen dus behoorlijk veel invloed uitoefenen of er
wel of niet een vegrijp zal plaatsvinden wan zij stellen regels op bijv zoals Place/settingeen Target
school principal. (set
Place manager Guardian
Predatory sequence:
1. Likely offender enters a setting
2. A suitable target enters too
3. A guardian leaves
4. The offender attacks the target.
CALMING THE WATERS AND LOOKING AFTER PLACES:
Guardians: can prevent property crime and illegal sales
,Handlers: can discourage fights
Managers: oversee and monitor things
Not all place supervision is formal natural surveillance
1. Private space: your home
2. Semiprivate space: area just outside the home
3. Semipublic space: yard in front of an apartment building
4. Public space: street or sidewalk especially difficult for you to control (provides the least security,
because there’s nobody directly assigned to watch it)
HOT PRODUCTS:
Some products are stolen much more than others attract the attention of thieves much more than others
Hot products tend to be:
-Concealable
-Removable
-Available
-Valuable
-Enjoyable
-Disposable
THE GENERAL CHEMISTRY OF CRIME:
Each crime type has its particular chemistry. Crimes also have a common chemistry. For each setting, consider
its presences and absences, its entries and exits and how these make a particular crime likely to occur.
SHARED BEGINNINGS, DIFFERENT LIVES (LAUB, J., & SAMPSON, R.)
HOOFDSTUK 6: WHY SOME OFFENDERS STOP
Desistance: the act or process of ceasing, especially from a criminal or antisocial behaviour
Strategy: investigate two subgroups of men who desisted from crime
-Group 1: men who were arrested as juveniles for nonviolent crimes only and were not arrested for
any predatory crimes as adults
-Group 2: men who had at least one arrest for violent crime as a juvenile, but none for predatory crime
in adulthood
Comparing these groups of desisters to detect any differences in desistance by type of offense
, Men who desisted from crime are distinguished by long-term stability in marriage and employment
Most of the desisters also had a successful stint in the military
a pattern of stability that holds for both nonviolent and violent desisters
MARRIAGE AS A TURNING POINT:
Leon: Leon’s parents were both described as heavy drinkers. Grew up in a poor neighbourhood in Boston. He
had been arrested for assault and battery, vandalism, receiving stolen goods and drunkenness
chaotic family life
despite these unsavoury conditions, at his age 14 interview, Leon reported that he was “attached” to both
of his parents
Leon felt little attachment to school or his teachers and began skipping school at the age of 7
In contrast to the chaos and disorganization early in his life, Leon’s adult life is markedly stable. What accounts
for such change?
Leon served in the U.S. Army
Leon got married: marriage’s roles in changing routine activities, as a social investment generating
strong social support, and in supplying direct social control all describe Leon’s situation
Leon took his marital responsibilities very seriously: often worked overtime to support his family
As a direct result of his marriage, Leon was cut off from his former peer group. These peers were
replaced by his wife’s friends.
Leon spent more time with his wife’s family than he did with his own (Leon had a delinquent
family). In fact the couple moved to get away from his family
TURNINGPOINTS LEON:
1. Serving in the U.S. Army
2. Marriage result: being cut off from his former peer group + spending more time with his wife’s
family
3. Institutionalization in the Lyman School
4. Meditation unusual for our sample of delinquents
HOOFDSTUK 7: WHY SOME OFFENDERS PERSIST
Persistent offenders: means a repeat offender who shows a pattern of offending over a period
Being arrested at multiple phases of the life course
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