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PUBH 6011 Midterm exam 2023 with 100% correct answers

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fuel ladder
pubh 6011 midterm exam 2023 with 100 correct answers
explain how energy influences human health
define ethical considerations on what is meant by sustainable development

Institution PUBH
Course PUBH

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PUBH 6011 Midterm 2023

Explain how energy influences human health - ANSWER-Energy is essential for human health, well-being
and comfort: greater energy is associated with better health

Example: infant mortality improvs up to levels of about 2,000 to 3,000 kg of oil equivalent per person per
year, but beyond that, rising energy use is not associated with further health improvement

Figures 14.1 and 14.2

Fuel ladder - ANSWER-With greater prosperity and technological development comes a shift toward
cleaner, more efficiency, and more convenient energy sources, with the energy generated farther from
the point of use.

Define ethical considerations on what is meant by sustainable development - ANSWER-

Petroleum - ANSWER-35% in the US

Minor role in electricity, large role in transportation, most dominant energy source in America

85% of it becomes fuel

Accounts for about one third of fuel (gasoline, diesel fuel, and jet fuel)

Natural Gas - ANSWER-29%

Natural gas has been considered a promising bridge energy source because the combustion of methane,
its main component, generates about half the carbon dioxide per unit of energy released as the
combustion of coal, and fewer other air pollutants.

,However, even small amounts of leakage during natural gas production, transport, and use may
undermine the climate change advantage of this source

Hydraulic fracking is another concern

Coal - ANSWER-14%

25% of energy consumption and 40% of electricity generation worldwide

Accounts for 40% of CO2 emissions and is therefore a major contributor to climate change

Produced through surface or underground mining- both dangerous operations for workers, making
miners at risk

Many modern coal mines involve mountaintop removal and strip mining, processes that result in
ecological damage, stress nearby communities, increase the risk of mudslides, and contaminate water
sources with waste emissions

Nuclear - ANSWER-9%

Carbon-free, but also potential dangers such as radiation exposure, storing the nuclear waste, potential
for catastrophic accidents

Hydro - ANSWER-3%

Produced when flowing water strikes the blades of turbines that in turn generate electricity

Does not involve combustion, however dams may disrupt river ecosystems by changing water flow and
temperature, and causing sedimentation, reduced water quality, loss of wetlands, disruption of facilities,
and greenhouse gas emissions

Other potential health hazards: population displacement, infectious disease risk, and disaster risk

Renewable - ANSWER-8%- biomass, solar, wind

Biomass - ANSWER-5%

makes electricity heats/ cools homes

, ethanol and biodiesel

health benefits: reduction of greenhouse gas emissions relative to fossil fuel use, reduced air pollution

Wind - ANSWER-2%

advantages: absence of greenhouse gases and other pollutant emissions during operation and absence
of a waste stream

has more workers than coal

Solar - ANSWER-0.6%

Photovoltaic (solar panels)

Concentrating solar power (focuses the sun's energy to boil water and sending the steam through a
traditional steam turbine)

Up until about 1960, which form of energy was used more than any other - ANSWER-coal

Compared to historic oil fields, the energy return on energy invested (EROI) is _____________ for shale
oil. - ANSWER-much lower

Of the natural gas consumed in the United States, about _________ currently comes from hydraulic
fracturing. - ANSWER-66%

1. Mining for copper ore is best an example of ___________. - ANSWER-raw material acquisition

The pre-industrial concentration of CO2 on earth is closest to ___________. - ANSWER-300 ppm

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