Rise of Nationalism in Europe:
Frederic Sorrieu
-He is a French artist, who presented a series of paintings in 1848.
-He visualized his dreams, that is, a world of social and democratic
republics.
-In Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the people of the world are grouped as distinct
nations. They are identified through their flags and national costume.
-Leading the procession are USA and Switzerland,which is followed by France
and Germany. Following Germany are Austria, Kingdom of the two Sicilies,
Lombardy, Poland, England, Ireland, Hungary and Russia.
French Revolution
-French revolution in 1789, was the start of nationalism.
-French revolutionaries took many steps to create a feeling of collective
identity:
-Innovative ideas such as Le citoyen and La Partie
-Creation of a new French flag.
-Election of National Assembly, also renaming from estate general to National
Assembly.
-The administrative system which is consolidated.
-Abolishing of customs and internal duties.
-Uniform weights and measures were introduced.
-French was getting a common language.
Napoleonic Code
-Napoleon destroyed France democracy.
-Introduction of Civil code 1804, which was called Napoleonic code.
-Features of this code are:
-Abolishing of all birth rights and privileges.
-Establishment of equality before the law.
-Security of right to property.
-Guild restrictions were removed.
New Middle Class
-Politically as well as socially, aristocrats were dominant as far as
population is concerned.
-Peasants were the majority in the population.
-Since industrialization in England, a new social class known as working
class was emerged.
-It included artisans, industrialists, businessmen and so on.
Liberalism
-Property owning men were only given the right to vote or getting elected.
-Each and every women and property-less men were restricted from all
political rights.
-It is derived from Latin word ‘root liber’, it means to be free.
-For the end of clerical privilege, autocracy the liberal nationalism was
stood alive.
A New Conservatism After 1815
-Major European powers in 1815: Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria had
defeated Napoleon.
-They use to meet in Vienna to draw up a European settlement called as treaty
of Vienna.
-As per this treaty:
-Power was restored by the Bourbon dynasty.
-During the Napoleonic wars, France lost all its territories.
-39 states of the German Confederation were formed by Napoleon, left
, untouched.
-On the French boundary, borders were made to prevent France from expanding.
The Revolutionaries
-Guiseppe Mazzini
-Born in Genoa in 1807.
-Was a member of secret society of carbonate.
-He established 2 secret societies: Young Europe in Berne and Young Italy in
Marseilles.
-The main aim was to unify Italy in a republic.
The Age of Revolution: 1830-1848
-Bourbon kings have overthrown to set up a constitutional monarchy in July
1830.
-Greece was struggling for independence which was a part of the Ottoman
Empire.
-Greece was declared as an independent nation in Treaty of Constantinople
signed in 1832.
-National feeling was the main focused area.
-German philosopher, Johan Gottfried discovered the culture in common people
through music, dance and folk poetry.
-There were fewer jobs and more people.
-Due to the rise in food costs and bad harvesting, widespread pauperism in
the country.
-Silesia weavers in 1845, revolt against contractors.
-Frankfurt parliament was elected in 1848. 831 elected representatives were
conveyed in St. Paul Church.
Making of German
-Otto Von Bismarck took a leadership role with the support of Prussian army
and bureaucracy.
-Kaiser William 1 was the new head of the German empire.
Making of Italy
-Giuseppe Mazzini headed the unification program which got failed.
-Victor Emmanuel II became the new king of unified Italy in 1861.
Britain
-English Parliament seized power from the ruling monarchy.
-British force took Ireland, in 1801 after the revolution failed.
-British Nation was formed and it was facilitated through the mass
propagation of English culture.
Nationalism and Imperialism
-Modern Balkans included Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Romania, Bosnia-
Herzegovina, Albania, Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro and Slovenia.
-This area was made explosive by Romantic nationalism, hence, major European
wanted to have control over this area.
-So, this led to a series of war called as First World War.
Frederic Sorrieu
-He is a French artist, who presented a series of paintings in 1848.
-He visualized his dreams, that is, a world of social and democratic
republics.
-In Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the people of the world are grouped as distinct
nations. They are identified through their flags and national costume.
-Leading the procession are USA and Switzerland,which is followed by France
and Germany. Following Germany are Austria, Kingdom of the two Sicilies,
Lombardy, Poland, England, Ireland, Hungary and Russia.
French Revolution
-French revolution in 1789, was the start of nationalism.
-French revolutionaries took many steps to create a feeling of collective
identity:
-Innovative ideas such as Le citoyen and La Partie
-Creation of a new French flag.
-Election of National Assembly, also renaming from estate general to National
Assembly.
-The administrative system which is consolidated.
-Abolishing of customs and internal duties.
-Uniform weights and measures were introduced.
-French was getting a common language.
Napoleonic Code
-Napoleon destroyed France democracy.
-Introduction of Civil code 1804, which was called Napoleonic code.
-Features of this code are:
-Abolishing of all birth rights and privileges.
-Establishment of equality before the law.
-Security of right to property.
-Guild restrictions were removed.
New Middle Class
-Politically as well as socially, aristocrats were dominant as far as
population is concerned.
-Peasants were the majority in the population.
-Since industrialization in England, a new social class known as working
class was emerged.
-It included artisans, industrialists, businessmen and so on.
Liberalism
-Property owning men were only given the right to vote or getting elected.
-Each and every women and property-less men were restricted from all
political rights.
-It is derived from Latin word ‘root liber’, it means to be free.
-For the end of clerical privilege, autocracy the liberal nationalism was
stood alive.
A New Conservatism After 1815
-Major European powers in 1815: Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria had
defeated Napoleon.
-They use to meet in Vienna to draw up a European settlement called as treaty
of Vienna.
-As per this treaty:
-Power was restored by the Bourbon dynasty.
-During the Napoleonic wars, France lost all its territories.
-39 states of the German Confederation were formed by Napoleon, left
, untouched.
-On the French boundary, borders were made to prevent France from expanding.
The Revolutionaries
-Guiseppe Mazzini
-Born in Genoa in 1807.
-Was a member of secret society of carbonate.
-He established 2 secret societies: Young Europe in Berne and Young Italy in
Marseilles.
-The main aim was to unify Italy in a republic.
The Age of Revolution: 1830-1848
-Bourbon kings have overthrown to set up a constitutional monarchy in July
1830.
-Greece was struggling for independence which was a part of the Ottoman
Empire.
-Greece was declared as an independent nation in Treaty of Constantinople
signed in 1832.
-National feeling was the main focused area.
-German philosopher, Johan Gottfried discovered the culture in common people
through music, dance and folk poetry.
-There were fewer jobs and more people.
-Due to the rise in food costs and bad harvesting, widespread pauperism in
the country.
-Silesia weavers in 1845, revolt against contractors.
-Frankfurt parliament was elected in 1848. 831 elected representatives were
conveyed in St. Paul Church.
Making of German
-Otto Von Bismarck took a leadership role with the support of Prussian army
and bureaucracy.
-Kaiser William 1 was the new head of the German empire.
Making of Italy
-Giuseppe Mazzini headed the unification program which got failed.
-Victor Emmanuel II became the new king of unified Italy in 1861.
Britain
-English Parliament seized power from the ruling monarchy.
-British force took Ireland, in 1801 after the revolution failed.
-British Nation was formed and it was facilitated through the mass
propagation of English culture.
Nationalism and Imperialism
-Modern Balkans included Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Romania, Bosnia-
Herzegovina, Albania, Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro and Slovenia.
-This area was made explosive by Romantic nationalism, hence, major European
wanted to have control over this area.
-So, this led to a series of war called as First World War.
