NURS 443
Chapter 1 Multiple Choice
1. Sally knows that babies come from the stork because her mother tells her so. This method of acquiring knowledge is known as
a. the scientific method.
b. a logical syllogism.
c. the method of authority.
d. the method of tenacity.
ANSWER: c (p. 4)
2...
Practice Exams - Research 1
NURS 443
Chapter 1
Multiple Choice
1. Sally knows that babies come from the stork because her mother tells her so. This
method of acquiring knowledge is known as
a. the scientific method.
b. a logical syllogism.
c. the method of authority.
d. the method of tenacity.
ANSWER: c (p. 4)
2. Paul thinks that day care is bad for children because he’s heard it over and over
from various sources. This method of acquiring knowledge is known as
a. the scientific method.
b. a logical syllogism.
c. the method of authority.
d. the method of tenacity.
ANSWER: d (pp. 3-4)
3. One problem with acquiring knowledge using the method of tenacity is that
a. repeating a fact does not necessarily make it true.
b. it relies on empirical investigations.
c. it uses independent and dependent variables.
d. it controls for extraneous variables.
ANSWER: a (p. 4)
4. The degree to which a knowledge claim is accurate is referred to as
a. reliability.
b. validity.
c. authority.
d. tenacity.
ANSWER: b (p. 3)
5. A scheme of formal logic or argument consisting of a major premise, a minor
premise, and a conclusion is known as a(n)
a. logical syllogism.
b. extraneous variable.
c. experiment.
d. theory.
, ANSWER: a (p. 5)
6. Complete the following logical syllogism:
Beautiful people are good.
Claudia is a beautiful person.
Therefore,
a. Claudia is beautiful.
b. good people are beautiful.
c. Claudia is good.
d. All of the above.
ANSWER: c (p. 5)
7. James believes that spanking is not detrimental to children because he was
spanked as a child and he turned out fine. James is using which method of
acquiring knowledge?
a. Tenacity
b. Experience
c. Authority
d. None of the above.
ANSWER: b (pp. 4-5)
8. Which of the following is NOT a key element in the scientific method?
a. Objective measurements
b. Self-correction of errors
c. Confirmation of findings
d. Having extraneous variables
ANSWER: d (pp. 5-6)
9. Janet conducts a study and finds that, similar to previous research, students by
themselves worked harder than students in groups (a phenomenon known as
social loafing). In addition, she found that social loafing could be lessened if the
students in the group knew each other well. Janet’s study represents
a. replication.
b. replication with extension.
c. lack of control.
d. the method of tenacity.
ANSWER: b (p. 7)
,10. An empirical study is based on
a. the method of tenacity.
b. the method of authority.
c. the method of experience.
d. objectively quantifiable observations.
ANSWER: d (p. 6)
11. Which of the following scenarios correctly depicts the self-correcting nature of
science?
a. Jane controls various extraneous variables in her study on self-esteem.
b. Mark conducts a replication with extension study on deindividuation and
finds that the previous research reached a faulty conclusion.
c. Kelly conducts a study illustrating a cause-and-effect relationship between
distraction and reading comprehension.
d. Ray conducts an empirical research study on racial discrimination.
ANSWER: b (p. 7)
12. In one study, half of the rats are given one food pellet each time they correctly run
a maze, and the other half of the rats are given two food pellets each time they
correctly run a maze. The researchers record the average amount of time it takes
the rats to run the maze. In this study, the number of food pellets represents the
variable.
a. independent
b. dependent
c. extraneous
d. intrinsic
ANSWER: a (p. 8)
13. In one study, students read a fictitious job application. The applications are
identical except that half have a female name (“Joan”) and half have a male name
(“John”). The students rate the likelihood of the applicant succeeding at the job.
What is the dependent variable?
a. The name on the job application
b. The students
c. The students’ ratings of the applicants’ success
d. The gender of the students
ANSWER: c (p. 8)
, 14. Mary is interested in determining if active learning strategies promote better
student learning than passive learning strategies. She teaches groups of volunteer
students for one hour, using active learning strategies with half of the students and
passive learning strategies with the other half of the students. The students are
then given a test over the material and Mary records the number of items each
student answers correctly. In this study, the independent variable is
and the dependent variable is .
a. type of learning strategy; number of correct answers
b. number of correct answers; type of learning strategy
c. number of correct answers; the test
d. type of learning strategy; the test
ANSWER: a (p. 8)
15. Which of the following is NOT a component of an experiment?
a. Control of extraneous variables
b. Manipulation of the independent variable
c. Measurement of the dependent variable
d. Manipulation of the dependent variable
ANSWER: d (p. 8)
16. Undesired variables that could invalidate an experiment are referred to as
variables.
a. independent
b. dependent
c. extraneous
d. intrinsic
ANSWER: c (p. 9)
17. Cause-and-effect relationships can be determined through
a. replications.
b. experiments.
c. empirical research.
d. None of the above.
ANSWER: b (p. 9)
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