Elsevier Hesi A2 A&P Practice Questions and Answers Rated A+

In which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found? 1. Thoracic cavity 2. Mediastinum 3. Abdominal cavity 4. Pelvic cavity - ANSWER 4. Pelvic cavity Which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for the organs? 1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Nervous 4. Muscle - ANSWER 2. Connective What are the glands of skin that produce a thin, watery secretion? 1. Sebaceous glands 2. Eccrine glands 3. Apocrine glands 4. Endocrine glands - ANSWER 2. Eccrine glands You have been given a sample of tissue that has open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures. What is the tissue? 1. Spongy bone 2. Compact bone 3. Cartilage 4. Adipose tissue - ANSWER 1. Spongy bone Which mineral is responsible for regulating fluid in the body? 1. Chloride 2. Sodium 3. Calcium 4. Magnesium - ANSWER 2. Sodium All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following? 1. Neuroglia 2. Efferent pathways 3. Afferent pathways 4. Neurons - ANSWER 4. Neurons Which leukocytes are correctly matched with their function or description? (Select all that apply.) 1. Monocytes—become macrophages 2. Basophils—the most common type of WBC 3. Lymphocytes—important in immune response 4. Neutrophils—phagocytize microorganisms - ANSWER 1, 3, and 4 Which of the following is the blood vessel where exchanges take place between blood and the cells of the body? 1. Artery 2. Vein 3. Capillary 4. Arteriole - ANSWER 3. Capillary In order for inhalation to occur, what must happen? 1. Contraction of the diaphragm, which decreases the volume of the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs 2. Contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs 3. Recoil of the lungs as the respiratory muscles contract and the thorax decreases in size 4. Recoil of the lungs as the respiratory muscles relax and the thorax decreases in size - ANSWER 2. Contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs Which are the functional units of the kidney? 1. Ureters 2. Glomeruli 3. Nephrons 4. Renal capsules - ANSWER 3. Nephrons What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? 1. Diaphragm 2. Mediastinum 3. Liver 4. Lungs - ANSWER 1. Diaphragm What is the basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs? 1. Atom 2. Organelle 3. Cell 4. DNA - ANSWER 3. Cell Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (Select all that apply.) 1. Support the body 2. Hemopoiesis 3. Conduct impulses 4. Provide protection - ANSWER 1, 2, and 4 Why are skeletal muscles also called voluntary muscles? 1. They are under conscious control. 2. They are attached to the skeleton. 3. They use ATP to energize contraction. 4. They are striated in appearance. - ANSWER 1. They are under conscious control. Motor or ____________ neurons transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS. 1. afferent 2. efferent 3. central 4. peripheral - ANSWER 2. efferent What are chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the metabolism of specific target cells called? 1. Hormones 2. Neurons 3. Glands 4. Second messengers - ANSWER 1. Hormones What is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called? 1. External respiration 2. Internal respiration 3. Inhalation 4. Cellular respiration - ANSWER 1. External respiration Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood does which of the following? 1. It is carried in solution or bound to blood proteins. 2. It is carried on hemoglobin. 3. It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells. 4. It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within the plasma. - ANSWER 3. It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells. The stomach muscle churns and mixes food, turning the mass into a soupy substance called which of the following? 1. Bolus 2. Bile 3. Chyme 4. Feces - ANSWER 3. Chyme What are the two functions of the male and female sex organs? 1. Production of all cells and production of hormones 2. Production of interstitial cells and production of hormones 3. Production of gametes and production of hormones 4. Production of gametes and production of interstitial cells - ANSWER 3. Production of gametes and production of hormones Which of the following statements is anatomically correct? 1. the knee is distal to the ankle 2. the heart is inferior to the diaphragm 3. the hip is proximal to the knee 4. the wrist is proximal to the elbow - ANSWER 3. the hip is proximal to the knee If you wanted to separate the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity, which plane would you use? 1. sagittal 2. transverse 3. frontal 4. coronal - ANSWER 2. transverse you have been given a sample of tissue that has pillar shaped cells arranged tightly together. the tissue you have is: 1. squamous epithelium 2. cuboidal epithelium 3. columnar epithelium 4. transitional epithelium - ANSWER 3. columnar epithelium the epidermis is classified as an: 1. cell 2. tissue 3. organ 4. system - ANSWER 2. tissue within which layer of the skin does mitosis occur? 1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum granulosum 3. stratum corneum 4. stratum germinativium - ANSWER 4. stratum germinativium the orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the middle region of the humerus. what area is he describing? 1. epiphysis 2. articular cartilage 3. perichondrium 4. diaphysis - ANSWER 4. diaphysis going from superior to inferior, the sequence of the vertebral column is what? (5 total) - ANSWER cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx the cells that form compact bone are called: 1. osteoclasts 2. neuroglia 3. osteoblasts 4. cancellous - ANSWER 3. osteoblasts which of the following is true of skeletal muscle? 1. skeletal muscle comprises 10% of the body's weight 2. skeletal muscle attaches to bones by tendons 3. muscle contraction helps keep the body warm 4. skeletal muscles continuously contract to maintain posture - ANSWER 2, 3, and 4 what is needed for a muscle cell to contract? - ANSWER calcium and ATP if an impulse of traveling from a sense receptor toward the spinal cord, it is traveling along what type of neuron? 1. motor (efferent) neuron 2. sensory (afferent) neuron 3. interneuron 4. bipolar neuron - ANSWER 2. sensory (afferent) neuron what does the parathyroid hormone regulate? 1. magnesium 2. calcium 3. calcitonin 4. glucocorticoids - ANSWER 2. calcium where are the pressoreceptors and chemoreceptors located? 1. circle of willis 2. cerebral arteries 3. abdominal aorta 4. carotid body - ANSWER 4. carotid body bile is secreted into what organ? 1. small intestine 2. liver 3. large intestine 4. stomach - ANSWER 1. small intestine what is the role of progesterone in the female reproductive system? 1. stimulates ovulation 2. conversion of the follicle to the corpus luteum 3. stimulates the development of the endometrium 4. stimulates the start of menstruation - ANSWER 3. stimulates the development of the endometrium cells found on internal surface of stomach, no extracellular matric, cells tall and thin, no blood vessels in the tissue: what type of tissue is this? 1. epithelial 2. connective 3. muscle 4. cartilage 5. nervous - ANSWER 1. epithelial which of the following proteins catalyzes different reactions or processes? 1. keratin 2. hormone 3. enzyme 4. collagen - ANSWER 3. enzyme how do phospholipids function in cells? 1. they are integral components of the plasma membrane 2. they are integral components of the nuclear membrane 3. they are integral components of the mitochondrial membrane 4. they are integral components of the cytoplasmic skeleton - ANSWER 1. they are integral components of the plasma membrane which of the following describes carbohydrates? 1. they serve as fuel for the body 2. they are present in DNA but not in RNA 3. they are the least abundant biomolecule 4. they cannot be stored in the body - ANSWER 1. they serve as fuel for the body which of the biologic molecules are considered the most significant contributors to cellular function? 1. carbohydrates 2. lipids 3. proteins 4.. nucleic acids - ANSWER 3. proteins nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following? 1. osteoblasts 2. neuroglia 3. osteocytes 4. arterioles - ANSWER 2. neuroglia in what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum? 1. back of hand 2. heel of foot 3. abdomen 4. over the shin - ANSWER 2. heel of foot testicular activity in under the control of which hormone(s)? 1. FSH 2. LH 3. GH 4. Both FSH & LH - ANSWER 4. Both FSH & LH which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy? 1. FSH 2. Estrogen 3. LH 4. Progesterone - ANSWER 2. Estrogen Jeffrey has contracted bulbar poliomyelitis, and it has affected the medulla oblongata. The doctors warned the family that his condition is grave and death may be imminent. What functions of the medulla oblongata have warranted such a dire prognosis? 1. the medulla oblongata contains vital centers that control heart action, blood vessel diameter, and respiration 2. the medulla oblongata contains neural connections of the reticular-activating system 3. the medulla oblongata contains the pineal gland, which controls the vital centers 4. the medulla oblongata contains the corpora quadrigemina, which controls the neural transmission of impulses along the spinal cord - ANSWER 1. the medulla oblongata contains vital centers that control heart action, blood vessel diameter, and respiration what is the cytoplasm of each muscle fiber filled with? 1. tissues 2. sarcomeres 3. myofibrils 4. myofibers - ANSWER 3. myofibrils what is the innermost layer of the epidermis? 1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum basale 3. stratum spinosum 4. stratum granulosum - ANSWER 2. stratum basale __________ and ___________approaches may be used to study gross anatomy. 1. systematic; developmental 2 microscopic; developmental 3. systematic; regional 4. regional; microscopic - ANSWER 3. systematic; regional ___________ is found in the outer layer of skin, lining of organs, blood and lymph vessels and body cavities. 1. muscle tissue 2. epithelial tissue 3. nervous tissue 4. connective tissue - ANSWER 2. epithelial tissue where are accessory bones most commonly found? 1. legs 2. fingers 3. neck 4. feet - ANSWER 4. feet What is not a factor that inhibits GH secretion? 1. hyperglycemia 2. REM sleep 3. elevated plasma levels of amino acids 4. cortisol - ANSWER 3. elevated plasma levels of amino acids _______act as levers that are pulled by contraction of muscles. 1. flat bones 2. long bones 3. short bones 4. irregular bones - ANSWER 2. long bones which layer is next to the stratum corneum? 1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum granulosum um basale 4. stratum spinosum - ANSWER 1. stratum lucidum which part of the skin is called the subcutaneous layer? 1. dermis 2. hypodermis 3. alpha dermis 4. epidermis - ANSWER 2. hypodermis what is another name for frontal plane? 1. oblique 2. coronal 3. median 4. horizontal - ANSWER 2. coronal what is another name for median plane? 1. oblique 2. coronal 3. sagittal 4. vertical - ANSWER 3. sagittal covering and lining epithelium is not grouped into _________ according to arrangement of layers. 1. pseudo-stratified epithelium 2. stratified epithelium 3. simple epithelium 4. connective epithelium - ANSWER 4. connective epithelium what structural level comes after chemical level? 1. tissue 2. organ system 3. organ 4. cellular - ANSWER 4. cellular what are connecting and central neurons also called? 1. sensory neurons 2. motor neurons 3. afferent neurons 4. interneurons - ANSWER 4. interneurons which part of the skin has no blood supply? 1. dermis 2. hypodermis 3. alpha dermis 4. epidermis - ANSWER 4. epidermis the three kinds of membranes are.... 1. mucous, serous, and nerve 2. mucous, serous, and synovial 3. nerve, serous, and synovial 4. mucous, nerve, and synovial - ANSWER 2. mucous, serous, and synovial connective tissues of the body are classified into ______ connective tissue and __________ connective tissue. 1. embryonic, adult 2. transitional, developmental 3. multicultural, adult 4. developmental, embryonic - ANSWER 1. embryonic, adult which is not one of the functional classifications of neurons? 1. interneurons 2. motor neurons 3. accessory neurons 4. sensory neurons - ANSWER 3. accessory neurons which complex protein are thin myofilaments composed of? 1. myofibrils 2. sarcomere 3. actin 4. myosin - ANSWER 3. actin -------- there two types of myofilaments: thick filaments, composed primarily of the contractile protein myosin, and thin filaments, composed primarily of the contractile protein actin. Which arm bone is most proximal to the shoulder? 1. radius 2. ulna 3. humerus 4. carpal - ANSWER 3. humerus somatotropin is secreted by the ________ 1. pituitary gland 2. adrenal glands 3. hypothalamus 4. thyroid1 - ANSWER 1. pituitary gland which is an anterior muscle? 1. gluteus maximus 2. quadriceps femoris 3. biceps femoris 4. adductor magnus - ANSWER 2. quadriceps femoris how might the headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury? 1. by limiting hyperflexion of the neck 2. by limiting hyperextension of the neck 3. by reducing vertebral compression 4. by preventing disc degeneration - ANSWER 2. by limiting hyperextension of the neck which might you expect to see in a whiplash injury? 1. cardiopulmonary problems 2. side to side spinal curvature 3. eventual herniation of discs 4. traumatic injury to ligaments - ANSWER 4. traumatic injury to ligaments muscle contractions that normally move food along the human digestive system are known as ______ 1. defecation 2. osmosis 3. peristalsis 4. circulation - ANSWER 3. peristalsis which type of nutrient does not provide the body with energy? 1. vitamin 2. carbohydrate 3. fat 4. protein - ANSWER 1. vitamin where would you be likely to find a Schwaan cell? 1. digestive system 2. nervous system 3. skeletal system 4 muscular system - ANSWER 2. nervous system how does the nervous system work with the muscular system? 1. the muscles of the body produce chemicals that feed the nerves s 2. the nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment 3. the nervous system releases chemicals that move excess waste from muscles 4. the muscular system provides input that allows the nerves to make decisions - ANSWER 2. the nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment which part of the nervous system includes the femoral, radial, and ulnar nerves? 1. somatic 2. autonomic 3. sympathetic 4. parasympathetic - ANSWER 1. somatic where might a herniated lumbar disc be most likely to create pain? 1. along the radial nerve 2. within the spinal cord 3. along the sciatic nerve 4. along the tibial nerve - ANSWER 3. along the sciatic nerve what is the name of the bone in the human thigh? 1. ulna 2. radius 3. femur 4. humerus - ANSWER 3. femur of the following processes, which one is a different level of defense from the others? 1. a low pH in the stomach 2. cilia present in the trachea 3. body cells recognizing a pathogen 4. mucus present in the nasal cavity - ANSWER 3. body cells recognizing a pathogen which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating muscle growth? 1. skeletal system 2. endocrine system 3. nervous system 4. reproductive system - ANSWER 2. endocrine system which parts of the heart are separated by the mitral valve? 1. left atrium and right atrium 2. right atrium and right ventricle 3. left ventricle and right ventricle 4. left atrium and left ventricle - ANSWER 4. left atrium and left ventricle * note: mitral valve is an alternative name for the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve how might vitamin D deficiency present? 1. as bleeding gums 2. as swollen extremities 3. as red patches 4. as crooked bones - ANSWER 4. as crooked bones how does the lymphatic sytem work with the circulatory system? 1 . the circulatory system produces red blood cells for the lymphatic system 2. lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels 3. the heart regulates the production of lymph in the lymph glands 4. white cells from the lymphatic system eliminate excess red blood cells - ANSWER 2. lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels what is the function of parathyroid hormone? 1. increasing energy levels 2. stimulating cell reproduction 3. speeding up metabolism 4. activating vitamin D - ANSWER 4. activating vitamin D which feauture of the ear is most medial? 1. pinna 2. tympanic membrane 3. cochlea 4. outer canal - ANSWER 3. cochlea which of the following are considered normal values for the measure of a person's pulse and blood pressure? 1. 55 bpm and 75/60 mm Hg 2. 72 bpm and 120/80 mm Hg 3. 100 bpm and 140/100 mm Hg 4. 160 bpm and 100 over 70 mm Hg - ANSWER 2. 72 bpm and 120/80 mm Hg how does a sagittal section divide the body? 1. into right and left regions 2. into upper and lower regions 3. into front and back regions 4. between the dorsal and ventral cavities - ANSWER 1. into right and left regions * note: sagittal is also known as the median plane how is pepsin used by the body? 1. to break down proteins 2. to break down starches 3. to emulsify fats and oils 4. to absorb water and nutrients - ANSWER 1. to break down proteins which mineral supports the function of the thyroid? 1. manganese 2. iodine 3. phosphorus 4. zinc - ANSWER 2. i