Health & Medical Psychology HC 1
Always important to ask the client what they nd wat health is to them.
WHO (World Health Organization) de nition of health; health is a state of
complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence
of disease or in rmity
Di erent models
1. Biomedical model; you could only become ill if some some sort of
bodily process is a ected
- exposure to contagious “agents” (like bacteria)
- insu cient immune response
> what else predicts health and illness?
- Health behaviors (physical activity etc.)
- Stress/emotions
- Social relations
2. Biopsychological model;
3 circles:
1. Social context; social supports, education, cultural traditions etc.
2. Biology; gender, physical illness, disability, stress reactivity etc.
3. Psychology; learning/memory, personality, past trauma, emotions etc.
Prevention
1. Primary prevention; prevent illness (before early symptoms).
> target group= healthy people
2. Secondary prevention; to stop early symptoms (reversible) going to later
symptoms (irreversible) > screening, early treatment;
> target group= (healthy) people with an increased risk for disease
3. Tertiary prevention; stop later symptoms going to illness > revalidation
> target group= ill people
Cohort studies; Alameda 7 - seven health factors for longevity
Types of health behaviors (Matarazzo, 1984)
1. Behavioral pathogens (health risk behaviors); smoking, alcohol and drug
abuse, multiple sex partners etc.
2. Behavioral immunogens (health protective behaviors); physical activity,
health nutrition, sun protection etc.
ff ffi fi ff fi fi
, With an health intervention adverse e ects may occur;
- Intervention generated inequalities (increase inequalities between low SES
and high SES)
- Hardening (people don’t trust the government; intervering a lot with own
life)
- stigmatizing (people who have smoked are stigmatized as smokers)
3 Theories of getting motivated
1. Health belief model (Becker, 1979)
What determines perceived threat: Is it bad? & Am I likely to get it?
2. Social Cognitive/Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977, 1989)
- our own con dence is also important
fi ff
Always important to ask the client what they nd wat health is to them.
WHO (World Health Organization) de nition of health; health is a state of
complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence
of disease or in rmity
Di erent models
1. Biomedical model; you could only become ill if some some sort of
bodily process is a ected
- exposure to contagious “agents” (like bacteria)
- insu cient immune response
> what else predicts health and illness?
- Health behaviors (physical activity etc.)
- Stress/emotions
- Social relations
2. Biopsychological model;
3 circles:
1. Social context; social supports, education, cultural traditions etc.
2. Biology; gender, physical illness, disability, stress reactivity etc.
3. Psychology; learning/memory, personality, past trauma, emotions etc.
Prevention
1. Primary prevention; prevent illness (before early symptoms).
> target group= healthy people
2. Secondary prevention; to stop early symptoms (reversible) going to later
symptoms (irreversible) > screening, early treatment;
> target group= (healthy) people with an increased risk for disease
3. Tertiary prevention; stop later symptoms going to illness > revalidation
> target group= ill people
Cohort studies; Alameda 7 - seven health factors for longevity
Types of health behaviors (Matarazzo, 1984)
1. Behavioral pathogens (health risk behaviors); smoking, alcohol and drug
abuse, multiple sex partners etc.
2. Behavioral immunogens (health protective behaviors); physical activity,
health nutrition, sun protection etc.
ff ffi fi ff fi fi
, With an health intervention adverse e ects may occur;
- Intervention generated inequalities (increase inequalities between low SES
and high SES)
- Hardening (people don’t trust the government; intervering a lot with own
life)
- stigmatizing (people who have smoked are stigmatized as smokers)
3 Theories of getting motivated
1. Health belief model (Becker, 1979)
What determines perceived threat: Is it bad? & Am I likely to get it?
2. Social Cognitive/Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977, 1989)
- our own con dence is also important
fi ff
