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Zusammenfassung Genetik Grundlagen
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Zusammenfassung zum Thema Genetik Grundlagen
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, ChromantidTelomere
Chromosome sind eine hoch kondensierte So
Form der DNA. Man findet sie nur bei
Organismen mit einem echten Zellkern,
Centromer
also bei den Eukaryoten.
Ein Chromosom besteht aus zwei Chroma-
tiden, auch Schwesterchromantiden genannt,
welche identische Kopien voneinander sind.
Homologe
Verbunden sind sie über das Centromer. Ja Chromosomen
nach Chromosom kann das Centromer an
unterschiedlichen Stellen liegen. Ei. Chromosom mit mittig gelegenen Centromer bezeichnet man
als metazentrisches Chromosom.
Damit die DNA-Doppelhelix eine kompakte Form annehmen kann werden Proteine verwendet, die
zwischen den DNA-Strängen gelagert werden, um Abstoßungen zu vermeiden. Ein besonders
wichtiges Protein ist dabei das Histon.
Aufbau
Doppelhelixstruktur
% •
⑥ ⑥ DNA-Stränge verpackt um Histone
⑥
Schleifenbildung
Klauen Chromosom
Spiralisierung
, Phosphorsäure
Zucker
Basen (-paare)
Guanin Cytosin
Adenin Thymin
Nukleotid
Boa
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