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Semmelweis Entrance Exam Medicine Biology 2023 Guide with complete solution
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Semmelweis Entrance Exam Medicine Biology 2023 Guide with complete solution
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Semmelweis Entrance Exam MedicineBiology 2023 Guide with complete
solution
What are carbohydrates and lipids? Answer - Organic compounds that are mostly
composed of three types of atom; carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What do carbohydrates do? Answer - provide energy, in the form of sugars like
glucose and fructose, but they also make up structures like cellulose, which form the
cell wall of plant cells
What type of carbohydrate is the most important source of energy? Answer - mono-,
di- and poly-saccharides
What are mono and disaccharides? Answer - polar and soluble in water
What are polysaccharides? Answer - Macromolecules resulting from polymerisation
(condensation) of sugars and are not soluble in water
Examples of monosaccharides Answer - ribose, glucose, fructose, galactose
What forms a disaccharide? Answer - two monosaccharides linked together by
condensation reactions with glycosidic bonds releasing one H2O molecule
Alpha glucose structure Answer -
Beta glucose structure Answer -
Examples of Polysaccharides Answer - cellulose, glycogen and starch
Monomer of Sucrose Answer - glucose and fructose
monomer of maltose Answer - glucose and glucose
monomer of lactose Answer - glucose and galactose
monomer of starch Answer - glucose
monomer of glycogen Answer - glucose
monomer of cellulose Answer - glucose
, In animals, what carbohydrate stores energy? Answer - glycogen
What jobs do carbohydrates have other than storing energy? Answer - structural
components
What differs the polysaccharides all made up of glucose? Answer - they differ in the
arrangement of glucose molecules and position of the glycosidic bonds
Starch arrangement Answer - amylopectin branched, amylose linear
What is galactose? Answer - a sugar in milk
What is fructose? Answer - a sugar found in fruit and honey
Main characteristic of lipids? Answer - little to no affinity to water, mostly hydrophobic
What are the simple forms of lipids? Answer - fat, oil and wax
What are lipids characteristics in different solvents? Answer - they are non-polar and
insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents
What are triglycerides? Answer - the main group of lipids. They are formed by
condensation reactions between one glycerol and three fatty acids, creating ester bonds
What are the main types of triglycerides? Answer - fats and oils. Fats are solid and oil
liquid at room temp
What are fatty acids? Answer - carboxylic acids, possessing a -COOH functional group
What are the two basic forms of fatty acids? Answer - saturated and unsaturated
What differs saturated from unsaturated fatty acids? Answer - Unsaturated fatty acids
have double bonds; a monounsaturated having one, whereas a polyunsaturated having
multiple
What are cis and trans isomers? Answer - cis having the double bond elements on the
same side, trans on opposite
Benefit of lipids over carbohydrates? Answer - Lipids have a higher energy content
and can act as thermal insulators
What is the primary protein structure? Answer - the number and sequence of amino
acids in a polypeptide
What is the secondary protein structure? Answer - Beta pleated sheet and alpha helix.
Hydrogen bonds between polypeptides form these structures
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