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Samenvatting GGZ- Psychopathologie

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  • March 28, 2023
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P S Y CH OP A T HO LOG I E




GEESTELIJKE GEZONDHEIDSZORG


HoGent | ACADEMIEJAAR 2022 – 2023

,Inhoudsopgave
1. Psychiatrie en maatschappij....................................................................................................................... 6

2. Diagnose.................................................................................................................................................... 8

2.1 De DSM – 5.....................................................................................................................................................8

2.3 Kritische bedenkingen bij de classificatie van psychopathologie...................................................................9
Dimensionele versus categoriale classificatie..................................................................................................9
Triomf van de lobby........................................................................................................................................10
Psychiatrisering van het dagelijks leven.........................................................................................................10

2.4 Besluit...........................................................................................................................................................10

3. Verklaring (Etiologie)................................................................................................................................ 11

3.1 Biologische verklaringen...............................................................................................................................11
Invloed van geneesmiddelen en drugs...........................................................................................................11

3.2 Psychologische verklaringen.........................................................................................................................12

3.3. Sociale verklaringen.....................................................................................................................................12

4. Behandeling............................................................................................................................................. 13

4.1 Biologische behandeling...............................................................................................................................13

4.2 Psychotherapie.............................................................................................................................................14
Psychodynamische therapie...........................................................................................................................14
Cliëntgerichte therapie...................................................................................................................................15
Gedragstherapie.............................................................................................................................................15
Cognitieve therapie........................................................................................................................................16
Speltherapie...................................................................................................................................................17

4.3 Sociale psychiatrie........................................................................................................................................17

5. Verloop en preventie............................................................................................................................... 18

5.1 Epidemiologie...............................................................................................................................................18

5.2 Preventie.......................................................................................................................................................18

1. Inleiding................................................................................................................................................... 19

2. Wanen en hallucinaties............................................................................................................................ 19

3. Schizofrenie............................................................................................................................................. 22

3.1 Kenmerken....................................................................................................................................................22
Types van Schizofrenie...................................................................................................................................25
Belangrijke verschillen tussen andere stoornissen en schizofrenie...............................................................26

3.2 Verklaringen.................................................................................................................................................26

3.3 Behandeling..................................................................................................................................................29

1. Inleiding................................................................................................................................................... 32

1

,2. Waanstoornis........................................................................................................................................... 32

2.1 Kenmerken....................................................................................................................................................32

2.2 Verklaring.....................................................................................................................................................33

2.3 Behandeling..................................................................................................................................................34

3. Kortdurende psychotische stoornis........................................................................................................... 34

3.1 Kenmerken....................................................................................................................................................34

3.2 Verklaring.....................................................................................................................................................34

3.3 Behandeling..................................................................................................................................................34

4. Schizofreniforme stoornis........................................................................................................................ 34

4.1 Kenmerken....................................................................................................................................................34

4.2 Verklaring.....................................................................................................................................................35

4.3 Behandeling..................................................................................................................................................35

5. Gedeelde psychotische stoornis............................................................................................................... 35

5.1 Kenmerken....................................................................................................................................................35

5.2 Verklaring.....................................................................................................................................................35

5.3 Behandeling..................................................................................................................................................35

6. Dubbeldiagnose: psychose en toxicomanie...............................................................................................35

1. Inleiding................................................................................................................................................... 36

2. Angst en angststoornissen........................................................................................................................ 36

3. Fobieën en sociale angsten....................................................................................................................... 39

3.1 Specifieke fobie.............................................................................................................................................39
Differentiaaldiagnose.....................................................................................................................................39
Verklaring.......................................................................................................................................................40
Behandeling....................................................................................................................................................40

3.2 Sociale angsten.............................................................................................................................................40
Differentiaaldiagnose.....................................................................................................................................40
Verklaring.......................................................................................................................................................41
Behandeling....................................................................................................................................................41

4. Paniekstoornis en agorafobie................................................................................................................... 41

4.1 Kenmerken....................................................................................................................................................41
Differentiaaldiagnose.....................................................................................................................................42

4.2 Verklaring.....................................................................................................................................................42
Hyperventilatie...............................................................................................................................................43

4.3 Behandeling..................................................................................................................................................44

5. Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis............................................................................................................... 44

2

, 5.1 Kenmerken....................................................................................................................................................45

5.2 Verklaring.....................................................................................................................................................45

5.3 Behandeling..................................................................................................................................................46

1. Dwang..................................................................................................................................................... 47

2. Obsessieve- compulsieve stoornis............................................................................................................ 48

2.1 Kenmerken....................................................................................................................................................48

2.2 Verklaring.....................................................................................................................................................49

2.3 Behandeling..................................................................................................................................................49

3. Andere dwangstoornissen........................................................................................................................ 49

3.1 Kenmerken....................................................................................................................................................49
Excoriatiestoornis...........................................................................................................................................49
Trichotillomanie..............................................................................................................................................49
Morfodysfore stoornis....................................................................................................................................50
Verzamelstoornis............................................................................................................................................50

3.2 Verklaring.....................................................................................................................................................51

3.3 Behandeling..................................................................................................................................................51

1. Stress en aanpassing................................................................................................................................ 52

Factoren die de ontwikkeling van stress bepalen...............................................................................................53
Coping.............................................................................................................................................................53
Persoonlijkheid...............................................................................................................................................53
Sociale relaties................................................................................................................................................54

2. Aanpassingsstoornis................................................................................................................................. 54

Kenmerken..........................................................................................................................................................54

Verklaring...........................................................................................................................................................55

Behandeling........................................................................................................................................................55

3. Posttraumatische - stressstoornis............................................................................................................. 56

Kenmerken..........................................................................................................................................................56
Differentiaaldiagnose:....................................................................................................................................57

Verklaring...........................................................................................................................................................57

Behandeling........................................................................................................................................................57

1. Stemming en emotie................................................................................................................................ 58

2. Depressieve- stemmingsstoornis.............................................................................................................. 59

2.1 Kenmerken....................................................................................................................................................59

2.2 Verklaring.....................................................................................................................................................62
Biologische verklaring.....................................................................................................................................62
Psychologische en sociale factoren................................................................................................................63

3

, Gedragstheorie...............................................................................................................................................63
Cognitieve theorie..........................................................................................................................................63
Cognitief- gedragsmatige benadering............................................................................................................63
Besluit.............................................................................................................................................................64

2.3 Behandeling..................................................................................................................................................64
Biologische behandeling.................................................................................................................................64
Psychotherapie...............................................................................................................................................64
Cognitieve gedragstherapie............................................................................................................................65
Interpersoonlijke therapie..............................................................................................................................65

3. Bipolaire- stemmingsstoornis................................................................................................................... 66

3.1 Kenmerken....................................................................................................................................................66
Differentiaaldiagnose:....................................................................................................................................66
Nieuwe depressieve stemmingsstoornis........................................................................................................67

3.2 Verklaring.....................................................................................................................................................67

3.3 Behandeling..................................................................................................................................................68

1. Drugs en afhankelijkheid.......................................................................................................................... 69

2. Stoornissen door gebruik van alcohol....................................................................................................... 73

2.1 Kenmerken....................................................................................................................................................73

2.2 Verklaring.....................................................................................................................................................75
Biologische factoren.......................................................................................................................................75
Psychologische factoren.................................................................................................................................76
Sociale factoren..............................................................................................................................................76

2.3 Behandeling..................................................................................................................................................77
Medische behandeling...................................................................................................................................77
Psychosociale behandeling.............................................................................................................................77
Therapietrouw................................................................................................................................................78

3. Stoornissen door gebruik van alcohol....................................................................................................... 78

3.1 Kenmerken....................................................................................................................................................78
GHB.................................................................................................................................................................78
Cocaïne...........................................................................................................................................................79
Amfetamine....................................................................................................................................................80
Heroïne...........................................................................................................................................................80
Lage stimulerende middelen..........................................................................................................................81
Ter afronding..................................................................................................................................................82

3.2 Verklaring.....................................................................................................................................................82

3.3 Behandeling..................................................................................................................................................83
Opiaatverslaafden..........................................................................................................................................83
GHB- verslaafden............................................................................................................................................83

1. Normale en gestoorde persoonlijkheid..................................................................................................... 84

2. Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen..................................................................................................................... 85


4

, 2.1 Algemene kenmerken van de PHS................................................................................................................85

Cluster A: vreemd en excentriek gedrag.............................................................................................................87
Schizoïde personen.........................................................................................................................................87
Schizotypische PHS.........................................................................................................................................87
Paranoïde PHS................................................................................................................................................87

Cluster B: dramatische, emotionele of onvoorspelbare gedragingen................................................................88
Antisociale PHS...............................................................................................................................................88
Borderline PHS................................................................................................................................................89
Histrionische PHS............................................................................................................................................89
Narcistische PHS.............................................................................................................................................90

Cluster C: angst en onzekerheid.........................................................................................................................90
Vermijdende PHS............................................................................................................................................90
Afhankelijke PHS.............................................................................................................................................91
Dwangmatige PHS..........................................................................................................................................91

3. Verklaring................................................................................................................................................ 92

3.1 Biologische Factoren.....................................................................................................................................92

3.2 Psychodynamische opvattingen...................................................................................................................92

3.3 Cognitieve theorie.........................................................................................................................................92

3.4 Opvoedingsstijl.............................................................................................................................................92

3.5 Comorbiditeit................................................................................................................................................93

4. Behandeling............................................................................................................................................. 93

4.1 Psychofarmaca.............................................................................................................................................93

4.2 Psychodynamische psychotherapie..............................................................................................................93
Overdrachtsgerichte psychotherapie.............................................................................................................93
Metalliseren bevorderende therapie.............................................................................................................93

4.3 Cognitieve gedragstherapie..........................................................................................................................94
Dialectische gedragstherapie.........................................................................................................................94
Schemagerichte therapie...............................................................................................................................94
Omgaan met moeilijke mensen.....................................................................................................................94




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