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Samenvatting pediatrische pathologie
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Deze samenvatting bevat het onderdeel pediatrische pathologie dat gegeven wordt door M. Vergrote. Alles wat in het document zit is te kennen voor het examen.
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PEDIATRISCHE PATHOLOGIESemester 1
,Inhoudsopgave
1. Definitie pediatrie...................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2. Leeftijdscategorieën......................................................................................................................................4
2. Het specialisme pediatrie........................................................................................................................... 4
3. Doel van dit onderdeel............................................................................................................................... 4
1. Zwangerschap en de foetale ontwikkeling.................................................................................................. 5
1.1 De berekening van de bevallingsdatum.........................................................................................................5
1.2 De zwangerschapsduur...................................................................................................................................5
1.3 verloop van de zwangerschap........................................................................................................................6
1.4 De trimesters..................................................................................................................................................6
1ste trimester.....................................................................................................................................................6
2de trimester......................................................................................................................................................7
3de trimester......................................................................................................................................................7
1.5 Gevoelige gebieden voor een gestoorde ontwikkeling in functie van de leeftijd...........................................7
1.6 De levensvatbaarheid van prematuren..........................................................................................................8
Geboortegewicht..............................................................................................................................................8
2. Babyreacties.............................................................................................................................................. 8
2.1 Reflexen versus babyreacties..........................................................................................................................8
2.2 De belangrijkste babyreacties......................................................................................................................10
Hoe testen?....................................................................................................................................................10
Het belang van de babyreacties.....................................................................................................................10
De babyreacties..............................................................................................................................................11
1. Cerebrale parese...................................................................................................................................... 15
1.1 Definitie.........................................................................................................................................................15
1.2 Etiologie van CP............................................................................................................................................15
1.3 Types van cerebrale parese..........................................................................................................................16
Indeling volgens type stoornis........................................................................................................................16
1.4 Spastische CP................................................................................................................................................17
De klinische tekenen van spasticiteit:............................................................................................................17
De opdeling volgens deel van het lichaam dat is aangetast..........................................................................18
De behandeling...............................................................................................................................................18
1.5 Dyskinetische CP...........................................................................................................................................18
Hyperkinesie...................................................................................................................................................19
Dystonie..........................................................................................................................................................19
1.6 Atactische CP................................................................................................................................................19
1.6 CP: classificatie volgens de ernst..................................................................................................................20
1.7 Classificatie volgens topografie....................................................................................................................21
1.8 Diagnose.......................................................................................................................................................21
2. NAH bij kinderen...................................................................................................................................... 21
1
, 2.1 Definitie.........................................................................................................................................................21
2.2 Etiologie en epidemiologie...........................................................................................................................22
Etiologie..........................................................................................................................................................22
Epidemiologie.................................................................................................................................................22
2.3 diagnose NAH...............................................................................................................................................23
Pediatric glasgow coma scale.........................................................................................................................23
2.4 Mogelijke gevolgen van NAH bij kinderen....................................................................................................23
2.5 prognose na NAH bij kinderen......................................................................................................................24
3. Obstetrisch plexus brachialis letsel........................................................................................................... 25
3.1 Definitie.........................................................................................................................................................25
3.2 Functie wortels van de plexus brachialis......................................................................................................25
3.3 Risicofactoren...............................................................................................................................................25
Bouw van de zenuw........................................................................................................................................25
3.4 Ziektebeeld....................................................................................................................................................26
Indeling volgens Sunderland..........................................................................................................................26
Prognose.........................................................................................................................................................26
Classificatie.....................................................................................................................................................26
3.5 Syndroom van Horner...................................................................................................................................27
3.6 Diagnose.......................................................................................................................................................27
1. Spina bifida.............................................................................................................................................. 28
1.1 Definitie.........................................................................................................................................................28
1.2 Epidemiologie...............................................................................................................................................28
1.3 Oorzaken.......................................................................................................................................................28
1.4 Klinische vormen...........................................................................................................................................28
Spina bifida aperta..........................................................................................................................................29
Spina bifida occulta........................................................................................................................................30
1.5 Co-morbiditeiten...........................................................................................................................................30
Tethered cord.................................................................................................................................................30
Chiari malformatie..........................................................................................................................................30
1.6 Diagnose.......................................................................................................................................................31
1.7 Behandeling..................................................................................................................................................31
Neurochirurgie................................................................................................................................................31
Hydrocefalie behandelen...............................................................................................................................31
Blaasfunctiestoornissen..................................................................................................................................32
Orthopedische problematiek: wervelkolom..................................................................................................32
Orthopedische problematiek: de heup..........................................................................................................32
Orthopedische problematiek: de enkel en de voet.......................................................................................33
2. Ziekte van Duchenne................................................................................................................................ 33
2.1 Spierdystrofie................................................................................................................................................33
2.2 Definitie.........................................................................................................................................................33
2.3 De oorzaak....................................................................................................................................................33
2.4 Pathofysiologie.............................................................................................................................................33
2.5 De symptomen..............................................................................................................................................34
2
, Klinisch beeld van Duchenne..........................................................................................................................34
2.6 Verloop.........................................................................................................................................................35
2.7 De diagnose..................................................................................................................................................35
2.8 De Behandeling.............................................................................................................................................35
3. Mucoviscidose......................................................................................................................................... 35
3.1 Definitie.........................................................................................................................................................35
3.2 Epidemiologie...............................................................................................................................................35
3.3 Pathofysiologie.............................................................................................................................................36
3.5 Gevolgen.......................................................................................................................................................36
Longen............................................................................................................................................................36
Spijsverteringsstelsel......................................................................................................................................37
Voortplantingsstelsel......................................................................................................................................37
Zweetklieren...................................................................................................................................................37
3.6 Klinische verschijnselen bij het kind..............................................................................................................37
Neonaat..........................................................................................................................................................37
Peuter/ kleuter...............................................................................................................................................37
3.7 Diagnose.......................................................................................................................................................38
3.8 Therapie........................................................................................................................................................38
Prognose............................................................................................................................................................38
4. SMA......................................................................................................................................................... 39
4.1 Definitie.........................................................................................................................................................39
4.2 Etiologie........................................................................................................................................................39
4.3 Diagnose.......................................................................................................................................................39
4.4 Classificatie...................................................................................................................................................39
4.5 SMA type 1....................................................................................................................................................39
Kenmerken.....................................................................................................................................................40
Prognose.........................................................................................................................................................40
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