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samenvatting neurologische en locomotorische pathologie

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deze samenvatting bevat het 2de deel van M. vergrote haar onderdeel binnen fysieke revalidatie. Alles wat in de samenvatting staat is te kennen voor het examen.

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  • March 28, 2023
  • 71
  • 2022/2023
  • Class notes
  • M. vergrote
  • All classes
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NEUROLOGISCHE EN
LOCOMOTORISCHE
PATHOLOGIE
Semester 1

,Inhoudsopgave
1. Dwarslaesie............................................................................................................................................... 8

1.1 Definitie...........................................................................................................................................................8

1.2 Epidemiologie.................................................................................................................................................8

1.3 Etiologie..........................................................................................................................................................9

1.4 Prognose.......................................................................................................................................................10

1.5 De omschrijving van het letsel......................................................................................................................10
Neurologisch niveau.......................................................................................................................................10
Het sensibel niveau....................................................................................................................................10
Het motorisch niveau.................................................................................................................................11
Compleet/ incompleet....................................................................................................................................11
Compleet....................................................................................................................................................11
Incompleet.................................................................................................................................................11

1.6 Klinische syndromen incomplete laesies.......................................................................................................12

1.7 Classificatie volgens lichamelijke gevolgen..................................................................................................12

1.8 Gevolgen en stoornissen op lichamelijk vlak................................................................................................12
Blaasstoornissen.............................................................................................................................................12
Behandelingsmogelijkheden......................................................................................................................13
Decubitus........................................................................................................................................................14
Spinale shockfase...........................................................................................................................................14
Spasticiteit......................................................................................................................................................14
Symptomen................................................................................................................................................15
MAS- schaal................................................................................................................................................15
Circulatiestoornissen......................................................................................................................................15
Orthostatische hypotensie.........................................................................................................................15
Autonome dysreflexie................................................................................................................................16
Trombose...................................................................................................................................................16

1.9 De therapie...................................................................................................................................................16

2. Niet aangeboren hersenletsel................................................................................................................... 17

2.1 Definitie.........................................................................................................................................................17

2.2 Traumatisch hersenletsel (THL)....................................................................................................................17
Epidemiologie.................................................................................................................................................17
Oorzaken.........................................................................................................................................................17
Pathofysiologie...............................................................................................................................................17
Primair hersenletsel...................................................................................................................................18
Secundair hersenletsel...............................................................................................................................18
Ernst van het letsel.........................................................................................................................................18
Glasglow coma scale..................................................................................................................................19
Duur van de coma......................................................................................................................................19
Post traumatische amnesie (PTA)..............................................................................................................19
Ziektebeelden.................................................................................................................................................20
Trauma capitis............................................................................................................................................20

1

, Commito cerebri........................................................................................................................................20
Contisio cerebri..........................................................................................................................................20
Prognose.........................................................................................................................................................20
Niet responsieve waakzaamheid....................................................................................................................20
Gevolgen van een NAH...................................................................................................................................21
Sensomotorische problemen.....................................................................................................................21
Epilepsie.....................................................................................................................................................21
Zenuwschade.............................................................................................................................................21
Intellectuele schade...................................................................................................................................21
Gestoord geheugen....................................................................................................................................21
Gedragsproblemen....................................................................................................................................22
Praxiestoornissen.......................................................................................................................................22
Perseveratie...............................................................................................................................................22
Spraak- en Taalstoornissen........................................................................................................................23
Agnosie.......................................................................................................................................................23
Attentiestoornissen....................................................................................................................................24

2.3 Cerebrovasculair accident (CVA)..................................................................................................................24
Definitie..........................................................................................................................................................24
Epidemiologie.................................................................................................................................................24
Begrippen.......................................................................................................................................................25
Classificatie.....................................................................................................................................................25
Risicofactoren.................................................................................................................................................26
Prognose.........................................................................................................................................................26
Gevolgen en stoornissen op lichamelijk vlak.................................................................................................26
Splitsing van lichaam..................................................................................................................................26
Pushen........................................................................................................................................................27
Homonieme hemianopsie..........................................................................................................................27
Pijn..............................................................................................................................................................27
Incontinentie en obstipatie........................................................................................................................27
Stoornissen in denken, emoties en gedrag................................................................................................27
Epilepsie.....................................................................................................................................................28
Diagnose.........................................................................................................................................................28
Behandeling....................................................................................................................................................28

3. Amyotrofe laterale sclerose..................................................................................................................... 30

3.1 Definitie.........................................................................................................................................................30

3.2 Epidemiologie...............................................................................................................................................30

3.3 Etiologie........................................................................................................................................................30

3.4 De symptomen..............................................................................................................................................30

3.5 Klinisch beeld................................................................................................................................................31

3.6 Diagnose.......................................................................................................................................................31

3.7 De prognose..................................................................................................................................................31

3.8 De behandeling.............................................................................................................................................31

4. Multiple sclerose...................................................................................................................................... 32

4.1 Epidemiologie...............................................................................................................................................32

2

, 4.2 De types........................................................................................................................................................32

4.3 Het verloop...................................................................................................................................................32

4.4 De symptomen..............................................................................................................................................33
De beginsymptomen......................................................................................................................................33
Latere symptomen.........................................................................................................................................33

4.5 De behandeling.............................................................................................................................................34

4.5 Diagnose.......................................................................................................................................................34

5. Extrapirmidale ziekte: de ziekte van Parkinson.........................................................................................35

5.1 Definitie.........................................................................................................................................................35

5.2 Etiologie........................................................................................................................................................35

5.3 Epidemiologie...............................................................................................................................................35

5.4 Fysiopathologie.............................................................................................................................................35

5.5 Klinisch beeld................................................................................................................................................36
Symptomen....................................................................................................................................................36
De 3 kernsymptomen.....................................................................................................................................36
Gevolgen.........................................................................................................................................................37

5.6 Diagnose.......................................................................................................................................................37

5.7 Behandeling..................................................................................................................................................37
Medicamenteus..............................................................................................................................................37
Chirurgie.........................................................................................................................................................38

5.8 Prognose.......................................................................................................................................................38

6. Aandoeningen van het perifeer zenuwstelsel: letsels van het bovenste lidmaat........................................39

6.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................39

6.2 Innervatie van de arm...................................................................................................................................39

6.3 Plexus brachialis letsel..................................................................................................................................40
Het ontstaan...................................................................................................................................................40

6.4 Laesie van de n. musculocutaneus...............................................................................................................40
De anatomie...................................................................................................................................................40
Etiologie..........................................................................................................................................................41
Gevolgen.........................................................................................................................................................41

6.5 Laesie van de n. radialis................................................................................................................................41
Anatomie........................................................................................................................................................41
Etiologie..........................................................................................................................................................42
Gevolgen.........................................................................................................................................................42
Distaal radialisletsel...................................................................................................................................42
Hoog letsel.................................................................................................................................................43

6.6 Laesie van de n. medianus............................................................................................................................43
Anatomie........................................................................................................................................................43
Etiologie..........................................................................................................................................................43
Gevolgen.........................................................................................................................................................44


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