ENPC Respiratory Question with complete solution 2023
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ENPC
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ENPC
ENPC Respiratory Question with complete solution 2023Anatomical and physiological features of the pediatric airway?
large tongue relative to size of oropharynx
obligate nose breathers
smaller airway diameter
cricoid cartilage narrowest area
larynx more anterior and cephalad
cartilaginous lar...
enpc respiratory question with complete solution 2023
anatomical and physiological features of the pediatric airway large tongue relative to size of oropharynx obligate nose breathers smaller airway
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ENPC Respiratory Question with
complete solution 2023
Anatomical and physiological features of the pediatric airway? - correct answers large
tongue relative to size of oropharynx
obligate nose breathers
smaller airway diameter
cricoid cartilage narrowest area
larynx more anterior and cephalad
cartilaginous larynx
short neck and short trachea
What is normal respiratory rate for the 5 pediatric age groups? - correct answers
infant (1-12 months) - 30-60
toddler (1-3 years) - 24-40
preschooler (3-5 years) - 22-34
school age (5-11 years) - 18-30
adolescent (11-18 years) - 12-16
What is the narrowest area of the pediatric airway? - correct answers the crichoid
cartilage - provides anatomical seal for uncuffed or cuffless ETT in children younger
than 8 years old
Anatomical and physiological features of pediatric breathing? - correct answers
compensatory mechanisms less effective
higher metabolic rate
respiratory rate varies with age
thin chest wall
cartilaginous sternum and ribs
poorly developed intercostal muscles
diaphragm positioned flat
ribs horizontally oriented
fewer smaller alveoli
What age is the respiratory system considered fully developed? - correct answers 8
years old
Most common chronic childhood illness? - correct answers asthma, affects 9.3% of
children
, Do pediatrics have a higher or lower metabolic rate? - correct answers higher - results
in more rapid respiratory rate and less efficient use of oxygen and glucose. In addition,
other symptoms, such as fever or anxiety, may further increase metabolic rate
A pulse ox reading of less than ____ at sea level is indicative of respiratory
compromise? - correct answers 92%, exceptions include children with uncorrected
congenital heart defects
How to estimate ETT size for pediatrics age 1-10? - correct answers uncuffed -
(age/4)+4, cuffed - (age/4)+3.5
CO2 monitors may not be effective if the child is less than ____? - correct answers
2kg
The esophageal detector may be considered for confirmation of tracheal tube
placement in children weighing ___? - correct answers more than 20kg. It is unreliable
in children younger than 1 year
The appropriate depth of insertion of an ETT can be estimated by the following formula?
- correct answers internal tube diameter x3.
Studies show that the use of the length based resuscitation tape to determine depth of
the ETT is the most accurate method
An excess of either of these 2 substances causes a direct excitatory effect on the
respiratory center, resulting in increased rate of ventilation? - correct answers
increased PaCO2 or increased H+
Most common cause of respiratory distress and failure in the pediatric patient? - correct
answers upper or lower airway obstructive disorders
Causes of upper airway respiratory distress and failure in pediatric patients (several)? -
correct answers anaphylaxis
bacterial tracheitis
croup
epiglotitis
foreign body aspiration
retropharyngeal abscess
sleep apnea
smoke inhalation
subglottic stenosis
tracheomalacia
trauma
Tracheomalacia? - correct answers (from trachea and the Greek μαλακία, softening)
is an upper airway condition characterized by flaccidity of the tracheal support cartilage
which leads to tracheal collapse especially when increased airflow is demanded.
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