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Unit 14D Applied science full Part D
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Unit 14D: Application of organic chemistryPractical 1:
Preparation of a compound without a carbonyl functional group:
Halogenoalkane from Alcohol
Aim:
The reaction that will be made from the mixing is very violent when done at
room temperature, and will produce hydrogen chloride gas clouds.This way of
making halogenoalkanes is not the safest way however this is used when
testing for -OH group.
Aim:
This method can not be done as it is very vigorous and violent at room
temperature so i done more research and decided to do another one
Method:
1. Start by putting the equipment where the practical is going to take place
2. You add concentrated sulfuric acid after cooling with some ethanol into a
flask
3. After that you add in solid potassium bromide
4. And make sure the flask is connected to the condenser
5.put ice surrounding the flask to prevent bromoethane from evaporating
6. You then heat this solution until no more drops can be collected.
Method in use: making bromoalkanes
1. You start by mixing 65 ml 1- pentanol with 78 g of sodium bromide and
with 60 ml concentrated sulfuric acid.
2. This will form hydrogen bromide which reacts very well with alcohol
3. After this the mixture is then heated and let's of bromoalkane
, Unit 14D: Application of organic chemistry
Purification of bromoalkanes:
1. If you have collected the bromoethane under water,add the
bromoethane into a separating funnel. Or put the impure bromoethane
into the separating funnel, add some water and shake it.
2. To get rid of any remaining acidic impurities, return the bromoethane to
the separating funnel and shake it with either sodium carbonate or
sodium hydrogencarbonate solution.
3. Now wash the bromoethane with water in a separating funnel to remove
any remaining inorganic impurities (excess sodium carbonate solution,
etc). This time, transfer the lower bromoethane layer to a dry test tube.
4. Add some anhydrous calcium chloride to the tube, shake well and leave
to stand. The anhydrous calcium chloride is a drying agent and removes
any remaining water. It also absorbs ethanol, and so any remaining
ethanol may be removed as well (depending on how much calcium
chloride you use).
5. Transfer the dry bromoethane to a distillation flask and fractionally distil
it,collecting what distils over at between 35 and 40°C.
Equipment used:
- 1 test tube
- Two pipettes
- Some distilled water
- 2 measuring cylinder
- 1-pentanol
-concentrated sulfuric acid
-sodium bromide
- round bottomed flask
-large beaker
-graduated cylinder
-reflux condenser
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