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Battle of Cannae notes
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CANNE● What was Carthage's system of government? What was Rome's?
○ Carthage had a mixed system, elements of monarchy, aristocracy, and
democracy.Heigiest authority were annually elected
magistrates(2).Responsibilities included, military affairs and foreign
policy. Supported by a council of elders and an assembly of citizens who
had LIMIted powers.
○ Rome had a mixed republican system of gov, included elements of
monarchy,aristocracy and democracy. Eleced annually by two consuls
who shared executive power and were advised by the senate of wealthy
and influential citizens.People also had a voice through the popular
assebilies although power was limited.
○ The main difference between Carthage's and Rome's system of
government was the balance of power between the different elements.
Carthage was more oligarchic, with power concentrated in the hands of a
few wealthy citizens, while Rome had a more balanced system with power
shared between the consuls, the Senate, and the popular assemblies.
Additionally, Carthage had a more centralized government, while Rome
had a more decentralized system.
● What were Carthage's sources of strength?
○ Carthage sources of strength included its strategic location as
a trading hub,its powerful navy,and its skilled and diverse
workforce.The location of the city being on the mediterranean
coast allied it to control trade routes and amass walth, while
its navy provided protection and enabled expansion.
Additionally carthage workforce included skilled
artisans,mercahnts, andsoilders.each with A deverse
background wich contributed to its economic and military
strength.
● Why and how did Rome come to dominate the Italian peninsula?
○ Rome came to dominate the italian peninsula though a
combination of military conquest,political alliencies and
strategic positioning. The roman rpublic conquered
neighbouring states incorporating them in its own territory
while forming alliances with other city states.Its military
powers , dicipilined army and innovative tactics allowed it to
maintain its dominance and expand its territory. its
governments provided stability and continuity, while its
infrastructure and economy supported growth and prosperity
, The Roman legions
● What was the manipular legion?
○ The manipular legion was a military fromation used by the
roman republic during the samnite wars(343-
290BCe).Flexible and adaptable tactical system which
allowed the roman army to respnd changing battle
conditions.organized into smalled units called maniples,
amde up of soldiers aranched in a checkerdboard
pattern.allowed for greater mobility and flexibility on the battle
field , their advantage.
The first punic wars
● Was war between Rome and Carthage inevitable?
○
● How and why did the First Punic War break out?
○ It wasn't inevitable but was highly likely given the competitive
and expansionist natures of both powers and that they
resided on the saem mediterranean region. Multiple reasons
for these wars including trade rivalry, territorial disputes, and
conflicting ambitions for dominance in the region. Resulted in
the eventual roman victory and the destruction of carthage.
● What were the decisive events of the war?
○ In the first punic was the roman navy defeated carthage fleet
in a series of battles, most notably the battle of mylae abd
Ecnomus.this allowed rome to control Sicily and Corsia
● Why did Rome win and Carthage lose?
○ Rome ability to emerge victorious in the ppunic wars against
carthage was in part due to its military superiority, tactics,
organization and resources. There use on a strong navy,
legionaries and alliances with surronding states led to their
eventual victory over carthage. Also itss willingness to adapt
and learn from their mistake allowed them to overcome
carthage advantages in naval warfare.
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