Class notes

Lecture notes on Autism, ADHD, Aspergers module

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Course
General psychology

Institution
University Of Derby (UoD)

This document provides detail of what Autism is and understanding the main symptoms, variations and diagnostic criteria relating to Autism Spectrum Disorder.

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Uploaded on March 29, 2023
Number of pages 3
Written in 2022/2023
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Simon bignell
Contains Autism adhd and aspergers

autism
aspergers
impairments
autism spectrum disorder

Institution
University of Derby (UoD)
Education Unknown
Course
General psychology

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What is autism
The presence of impaired development in social interaction and communication and a
markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interests. It also characterized by a range of
restricted, repetitive patterns of stereotypical behaviour. Deficits are suffiently severe to
cause impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational or order important
areas of functioning and are usually a pervasive feature of the individuals functioning
observable in settings.

The triad of impairment
 Some people with autism don’t want to form friendships or relationships
 Selectively mute or lack functional language
 Difficulties in receptive language
 Understanding jokes or irony or may use it incorrectly, take jokes literally, difficulties
to understand slang
 Difficulty understanding facial expressions
 Rigid and restricted behavioural patterns and very set in their routines
 Their interests are very restricted
 Can develop obsessive interests
 Students with autism often fail to understand instructions about a class activity and
it may not be apparent as the person may fail to ask for clarification
 Consistently speaks about their interests
 Poor eye contact and body language

Maybe in the assessment :
A ‘Category’ or a ‘Continuum’?
• Category (DSM/ICD Interpretation) – The Medical Model of Illness.
• A pathological disease.
• Either you ‘have it’ or you ‘do not have it’. An illness model with clear clinical criteria.
• Useful for establishing entrance criterion to the clinical diagnostic ‘Disorder’ for
health insurance.
• Continuum (Community/Real-world interpretation)
• There are ‘degrees of autism’ – differing presentations.
• The heterogeneity of presentations is widely acknowledged; occurs with a variety of
symptoms.
• Individual expression of some of the general characteristics of autism.
• Presentation can fluctuate over time considerable and be mild to severely disabling.
• Introduced first by Lorna Wing’s book ‘The Autistic Spectrum’. “Nature never draws a
line without
smudging it.”
• Whether you use a category or continuum perspective depends on your purpose.
• E.g.: Establishing a diagnosis, allocating resources, understanding causes, deciding on
interventions, identifying with the condition post-diagnosis.

 Autism is a spectrum
 Some autistic people are verbal, some are non-verbal
 Others have severe physical impairments
 Some have low muscle tone and fine motor skill problems

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