ABSITE exam 2023 with 100% correct answers

Which nutrient is poorly absorbed in achlorhydria? a.) Vitamin D b.) Vitamin B12 c.) Bile salts d.) Proteins e.) Fats (b) Vitamin B12 Hypophosphatemia has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT: a.) impaired diaphragmatic contractility b.) treated diabetic ketoacidosis c.) malabsorption coupled with carbohydrate refeeding d.) chronic alcoholism e.) respiratory muscle hyperresponsiveness (e) It is seen in patients with chronic alcoholism, diabetic ketoacidosis, sepsis, and severe malnutrition after carbohydrate refeeding. It can also be seen in surgical patients who are not receiving enough phosphate repletion from parenteral nutrition. Hypophosphatemia causes muscle weakness, and probably affects the diaphragm more than other muscles, therefore leading to respiratory failure. Studies have shown lower contractility of the diaphragm Phosphorus deficiency may lead to insulin resistance as well What is the main nutrient for colonocytes? a.) Glutamine b.) Alanine c.) Short chain fatty acids d.) Glucose (c) Short chain fatty acids (Note: the primary fuel source though for enterocytes is glutamine) What chemotherapy agent leads to pulmonary fibrosis? a.) Doxorubicin b.) Methotrexate c.) Bleomycin d.) Vincristine e.) Cyclophosphamide (c) What is the most useful serum marker for cancer screening? a.) PSA b.) CEA c.) AFP d.) CA 19-9 e.) CA 15-3 (a) All others are used for follow-up or diagnosis What is the embryologic origin of the inferior parathyroid gland? a.) 4th arch b.) 4th pouch c.) 3rd arch d.) 3rd pouch (d) Derivatives of the 3rd pouch include the inferior parathyroid glands and the thymus. The main nerve supply is the glossopharyngeal nerve. Superior parathyroids come from the 4th pouch What is the cause of hypotension and decreased EtCO2 during laparoscopic surgery a.) Tension pneumothorax b.) Inferior vena cava compression c.) CO2 embolus d.) Anesthetic overdose (c)