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CRITICALLY DISCUSS THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN POLICY FORMULATION
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DVA 3703 ASSESSMENT 3 CRITICALLY DISCUSS THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN POLICY FORMULATION
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DVA 3703ASSESSMENT 3
CRITICALLY DISCUSS THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN
POLICY FORMULATION
Social capital refers to the institutions, relationships, and norms that shape the
quality and quantity of social interactions. A growing body of evidence shows that
social cohesion is necessary for societies to prosper economically and sustain
development. Social capital is not just the sum of the institutions that form the
foundation of society, but the glue that holds them together.
The concept of social capital takes these ideas further by considering "the networks
of social relationships and the resources they involve" as things that "can be induced
and induced to facilitate action and can be useful for the support of individuals and
communities" (Frank 2013). Woolcock and Narayan (2020) argue that "the first
concept of social capital is that family, friends, and co-workers represent an
important asset that can be used in a crisis, enjoyed, and used for profit."
Social capital is a concept that could be part of public policy, but it is important to
know that it is not a "panacea". It is a concept that can be transformed into a tool to
improve the results of the planning process, but only in a complementary way. The
concept of social capital is difficult to define or measure. Furthermore, social capital
is not entirely new or completely non-existent in public policy. Elements of social
capital have already been mainly incorporated into social policies (Baron, Field, &
Schuller, 2020). Furthermore, a systematic analysis of social capital and its
application in policies can help to ensure that political policies do not undermine or
worsen social capital. the existence of social capital. Why should social capital also
be considered in public policies? What are the characteristics of social capital that
make researchers, policy makers and civil society want to know more about it? The
answers to these questions lie mainly in the subsequent positive effects that social
capital could have for society and the State (Adler, Kwon, 2012).
When it comes to justifying social capital in the public sector, it should be considered
that social capital can help to a more precise understanding of the values, needs and
characteristics of the target population. This means that understanding social capital
, mobilization capabilities is a key part of strategy making. But it is necessary to go
deeper into why it is important that public policies be rooted in the values, needs and
desires of communities.
There are three forms of social capital, namely frame, variation, and conjunction.
Attachment social capital occurs in homogeneous groups, families, and ethnic
enclaves, is characterized by strong interpersonal ties and loyalty within the group,
and provides social psychological support to its members. Because structure refers
to the social relationships that people have primarily in common with others,
examples of groups with a social capital structure are a stokvel, extended family
members, a family, a tribe, an agricultural group , a book club or a youth club. .
Capital social acts serve as a bridge between different social syntheses (ethnicity,
race, gender, sexual orientation). Because crossbreeding occurs between socially
heterogeneous groups, it is intended to bring together individuals who may share
different interests. This has the potential to create democratic and inclusive
institutional structures. Civil partnerships are open to people of all ages, races, social
classes, and genders; sexual orientations etc. are examples of groups having
different experiences. Other examples include parent-teacher associations and
voluntary community associations (Bjørnskov and Sønderskov, 2013).
Social capital strikes an appropriate balance between bottom-up and top-down
approaches to public policy and promotes respect for individuals, communities and
their rights in the implementation of public policy. It also promotes active citizenship
based on the principles of mutual aid and responsibility and encourages partnerships
between citizens, communities, media organizations and government.
Promoting volunteerism in the community: Social capital appeals to networks both
horizontally and vertically. These networks are based on trust, norms and values that
allow for collective action. These networks are based on relationships between
people. Resources can be moved in a variety of ways. The World Bank stated in its
website: "Social capital is not what you know, but who you know", thinking that social
capital is about people and people. Relationships and trust networks are established
when members or network partners trust that the other person will do what is
expected (Dubos, 2017). It means that the interacting parts are not fully known and
the expected results depend on people's skills and success cannot be known.
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