Summary Kinetic Particle Theory(Part1) for O Levels
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Chemistry
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Introduction:
What is the Kinetic Particle Theory??
The word ‘kinetic’ means moving and ‘particle’ means an atom or a molecule.
So, it is a theory that states about the movement inside a
particle is known as the kinetic particle theory.
What is an Atom??
atom is the smallest unit of matter. it consists of a nucleus which contains protons
and neutrons. They also contain electrons.
Before continuing forward, let’s consider looking into the terms Matter, Nucleus, Protons,
Electrons and Neutrons.
What is a matter??
Matter is anything that takes up space and has a specific mass. Everything we touch,
feel, see is matter.
It can exist in three states Solid, Liquid and Gas. (We will go through them later in
the notes)
What is a nucleus??
You may or may not have heard this term before. In basic words, nucleus is a small
positive charged center of an atom
and contains the protons, positive charged, and neutrons, no charge or neutral. It is
necessary in the structure of an atom.
Protons are positive charged subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom. They
determine atomic number and helps identifies which element it is.
, Electrons are negative charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. They can
be shared between atoms
which helps in creation of bonds and molecules. They also help in the processes of electricity,
heat transfer etc.
Neutrons are neutrally charged or no charged particle present in the nucleus of an atom. They
are joined with the protons by strong forces.
This is the structure of an atom. The neutrons and protons
are joined up in the nucleus and electrons are revolving
around it.
Now, let’s describe the kinetic particle theory in detail,
Kinetic particle theory states that all matter is composed of tiny particles, atoms or molecules,
which are in constant motion.
They have different speed and energies. They are attached to one another by intermolecular
forces which affect their behavior.
The theory can explain various phenomena like change in state, diffusion etc.
When a substance is heated its particle gains kinetic energy and gains temperature.
When a gas is compressed, its particles are pushed closer increasing its pressure.
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
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