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Anatomy of the Heart

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The summary of class notes + textbook for the human anatomy. In-depth description of the bones, muscles, fascias, and organs of the body with related clinical cases of the cardiovascular system

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  • April 1, 2023
  • 18
  • 2022/2023
  • Class notes
  • Avinash bharadwaj
  • All classes
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Heart
Overview
Heart is a muscular pump, two
parrallel pumps

Two pumps form a complete
circuit

Inside each pump:

Atrium = receiving chamber

Ventricle = pumping chamber

Thick muscular wall to generate
large amount of pressure

However, the huge pressure
might push blood back into the
atria ⇒
there are valves
between atrium and ventricle to
prevent this

Blood vessels:

Artery = One pumps blood away
from the heart

Vein = One pumps blood toward
the heart

Capillaries = microscopic for
exchange of materials

Lined by simple squamous
epithelium



Structure of the Heart
Basic Histology



Heart 1

, Endocardium (simple squamous epithelium) line the heart

Keeps inner surface smooth

Myocardium, aka cardiac muscle line the muscular wall

Epicardium: Serous pericardium + connective tissue

Orientation
Shape of heart = conical

Due to narrow apex

The apex tilts to the left, and rotate
so that the right ventricle faces
anteriorly



Posterior surface = base

Inferior surface = diaphragmatic
surface

Because it rests on the
diaphragm




Anterior View:

Most prominent feature is right
atrium + ventricle

A bit of left ventricle can be
seen

Left atrium is hidden

Atria have auricle (*)



Heart 2

, SVC + IVC is continuous with the
right atrium

Ptrunk is continous with right
ventricle

Aorta arch can be seen

Right pulmonary artery passing
under the aorta arch

2 right pulmonary vein + 2 left
pulmonary vein




Postero-Inferior View:

Base is mostly composed of the left
atrium

Diaphragmatic surface is mostly
composed of the left ventricle + a
bit of right ventricle

Can clearly see pulmonary veins +
arteries + SVC + ICV




Coronary sulcus (groove):

aka Atrioventricular
groove

This is a
boundary
between atria
and ventricles for


Heart 3

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