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1BUSINESS ENGLISH
UNIT 2
GRAMMAR AND READING COMPREHENSION
1. Consider the following sentence:
The failure of successive governments in different countries to contain inflationary pressure has led to
a parallel disillusionment with demand-management policies in general and with Keynesian eco-
nomics in particular.
2. Here is some linguistic information which will help you to understand the grammatical rela-
tionships between the sentence elements:
failure to do sth: an act of not doing sth, especially sth that you are expected to do (e.g. a
failure to foresee changes)
contain sth: (i) have sth inside it or as part of it (e.g. an envelope containing a hundred dollar
bill); (ii) prevent sth harmful from spreading or getting worse (e.g. contain an epidemic)
continue + DIRECT OBJECT (e.g. continue investigations)
continue + ING-FORM (e.g. continue working)
continue + INFINITIVE (e.g. continue to rise)
put pressure on + DIRECT OBJECT (e.g. put pressure on the North Korean government)
bring pressure to bear on + DIRECT OBJECT (e.g. bring pressure to bear on the manufacturers)
lead to + NOUN PHRASE (e.g. lead to a spurt in demand1)
disillusionment + with + NOUN PHRASE (e.g. disillusionment with the American political sys-
tem)
3. Sentence Analysis
1. Where is the subject group of the sentence?
2. How can the subject group be split up?
3. Where is the main verb?
4. Where is the complement of the main verb?
5. How is the complement linked to the main verb?
6. How can the complement be split up?
4. Finally, here are some translations suggested by German students:
1. Das Versagen erfolgreicher Regierungen in unterschiedlichen Ländern aufgrund des inflatio-
nären Drucks veranlasste die Regierung Nachfragepolitik im Sinne des Keynesianismus zu be-
treiben um die Inflation zu stoppen.
2. Das Versagen einer erfolgreichen Regierung in verschiedenen Ländern ist darauf zurückzu -
führen, dass der Druck der Inflation des Geldes im Allgemeinen stark mit der Nachfrage-Ma -
nagement-Politik und auch besonders mit der keynesianischen Wirtschaftstheorie zusammen-
hängt.
3. Das Versagen der Regierungen in unterschiedlichen Ländern, welche unter inflationärem
Druck stehen, führte einerseits zu einer unvorstellbaren und fragwürdigigen Politik im allge-
meinen und andererseits mit keynesianischer Ökonomie im speziellen.
4. Der Fehler funktionierender Regierungen in verschiedenen Ländern, inflationären Druck aus-
zuüben, hat zu einer parallelen Desillusionierung mit Nachfrage-management-Politik im allge-
meinen und keynesianischer Wirtschaft im speziellen geführt.
5. Translation Analysis
1. Explain why these translations are unsatisfactory.
2. Explain how the commonest errors came about.
Definition of ‘Economies of Scale’2
1
a sudden increase in demand (Nachfragestoß)
2
Größenvorteile / Skaleneffekte / Skalenerträge / Skalenvorteile
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