Dit document is een samenvatting van de slides met notities van het deel Neuroanatomie van prof. L. Yperzeele. De figuren zijn groot en duidelijk weergegeven, wat het studeren makkelijker maakt.
, 2.2.2.1 Spinothalamische banen ............................................................................................................. 24
2.2.2.2 Lemnicaal systeem ...................................................................................................................... 25
2.2.2.3 Overeenkomsten spinothalamische baan en lemniscaal systeem ............................................. 26
2.2.2.4 Voorbeeld (niet kunnen reproduceren) ...................................................................................... 27
2.2.2.5 Spinocerebellaire tractus ............................................................................................................ 28
2.2.2.6 Cuneocerebellaire tractus ........................................................................................................... 28
2.2.3 Integratie van sensorische input – motorische output ....................................................................... 28
3.1 Inleiding.................................................................................................................................................... 30
3.2 N. I – olfactorius ....................................................................................................................................... 31
3.3 N. II – opticus ........................................................................................................................................... 31
3.3.1 Het verloop .......................................................................................................................................... 31
3.3.2 Letsels visuele banen ........................................................................................................................... 32
3.4 N. III – oculomotorius ............................................................................................................................... 33
3.4.1 Kern ..................................................................................................................................................... 33
3.4.2 Functie ................................................................................................................................................. 34
3.4.3 Verloop ................................................................................................................................................ 35
3.4.4 N. III – oculomotorius: parasympathische vezels ................................................................................ 36
3.4.5 Pupillaire lichtreflex (N. II & III)............................................................................................................ 36
3.5 N. IV – trochlearis ..................................................................................................................................... 37
3.6 N. VI – abducens ...................................................................................................................................... 37
3.7 Sympathische innervatie oog ................................................................................................................... 38
3.8 N. V – trigeminus...................................................................................................................................... 39
3.9 N. VII – facialis .......................................................................................................................................... 40
3.9.1 Functie ................................................................................................................................................. 40
3.9.2 Verloop ................................................................................................................................................ 40
3.9.3 Corticale controle aangezichtsmotoriek .............................................................................................. 41
3.9.4 N. VII – facialis pars intermedius: PS vezels en smaak ......................................................................... 41
3.10 N. VIII – vestibulocochlearis ..................................................................................................................... 42
3.10.1 Functie ............................................................................................................................................. 42
3.10.2 Auditieve tractus ............................................................................................................................. 42
3.10.3 Vestibulo-oculaire reflex ................................................................................................................. 43
3.11 N. IX – glossopharyngeus ......................................................................................................................... 43
3.11.1 Functie ............................................................................................................................................. 43
3.11.2 Verloop ............................................................................................................................................ 44
3.12 N. X – vagus .............................................................................................................................................. 44
3.12.1 Functie ............................................................................................................................................. 44
3.12.2 Verloop ............................................................................................................................................ 45
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,3.13 N. XI – accessorius .................................................................................................................................... 45
3.14 N. XII – hypoglossus ................................................................................................................................. 46
Samengevat ........................................................................................................................................................... 47
4.1 Arteriële bloedvoorziening van de hersenen ........................................................................................... 48
4.1.1 Anteriorcirculatie: verloop a. carotis interna ...................................................................................... 48
4.1.2 Posteriorcirculatie ............................................................................................................................... 49
4.1.3 Cirkel van Willis.................................................................................................................................... 50
4.1.4 Centrale perforerende takken ............................................................................................................. 50
4.1.5 Arteria Cerebri Anterior ....................................................................................................................... 51
4.1.5.1 Verloop ....................................................................................................................................... 51
4.1.5.2 Vertakkingen ............................................................................................................................... 51
4.1.5.3 Kliniek.......................................................................................................................................... 52
4.1.5.4 Centrale takken ........................................................................................................................... 52
4.1.6 Arteria Cerebri Media .......................................................................................................................... 53
4.1.6.1 Verloop ....................................................................................................................................... 53
4.1.6.2 Vertakkingen ............................................................................................................................... 53
4.1.6.3 Kliniek.......................................................................................................................................... 54
4.1.7 Bloedvoorziening capsula interna ....................................................................................................... 55
4.1.8 Arteria Cerebri Posterior ..................................................................................................................... 56
4.1.8.1 Verloop ....................................................................................................................................... 56
4.1.8.2 Kliniek.......................................................................................................................................... 56
4.1.8.3 Centrale takken ........................................................................................................................... 57
4.1.9 Bloedvoorziening plexus choroïdeus laterale ventrikels ..................................................................... 57
4.1.10 Arteria Vertebralis ........................................................................................................................... 58
4.1.11 Arteria basilaris ............................................................................................................................... 58
4.2 Veneuze drainage van de hersenen ......................................................................................................... 59
4.2.1 Oppervlakkige drainerende venen ...................................................................................................... 59
4.2.2 Diepe drainerende venen .................................................................................................................... 59
4.2.3 Sinus cavernosus.................................................................................................................................. 60
4.3 Bloedvaten van het ruggenmerg.............................................................................................................. 61
4.3.1 Arteriën ................................................................................................................................................ 61
4.3.2 Venen ................................................................................................................................................... 62
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, H1: CEREBRALE TOPOGRAFIE
Oppervlakte anatomie, corticale en subcorticale structuren, associatie en commissurale vezels, basisbegrippen
neuroradiologie
1.1 BASISBEGRIPPEN
Het zenuwstelsel wordt verdeeld in:
• Centraal zenuwstelsel = de hersenen en het ruggenmerg
• Perifeer zenuwstelsel = de 12 paren van craniale zenuwen, de andere zenuwen van het lichaam en hun
cellichamen in het ruggenmerg gelegen.
De hersenen worden op embryologische basis verdeeld in:
• Cerebrum (grote hersenen of cerebrale hemisferen)
• Cerebellum (achteraan gelegen)
• Hersenstam
o Mesencepalon (bovenste)
o Pons (middelste)
o Medulla oblongata (onderste)
• Ruggenmerg
• Perifeer zenuwstelsel
1.2 OPPERVLAKTE ANATOMIE
1.2.1 HERSENVLIEZEN
De verschillende componenten van de hersenvliezen zijn
• Dura mater: vlak onder het schedelbot, heel stug en dik hersenvlies en bestaat uit 2 componenten:
o Binnenkant tegen het schedelbot gelegen = periostale laag
o 2e laag als een stugge losse zak rondom de hersenen zit = de meningale laag
Deze lagen omgeven de hersenen en gaan samen met het hersenvocht een soort van schokdemper
vormen voor de hersenen. De binnenste laag van de dura mater heeft een plooi naar binnen. Deze
plooi vormt de middellijn, een samenvloeiing en vormt de falx cerebri. Dit vormt een scheidingsvlak
tussen beide hersenhelften.
• Arachnoïdea is een vrij losmazige BW structuur waarin veel bloedvaten gelegen zijn. Dit vormt een soort
virtuele ruimte tussen de dura mater en het hersenoppervlak. Het is heel losmazig waardoor er een
virtuele ruimte ontstaat waarin ook bloedingen kunnen optreden. Dit zijn subarachnoïdale bloedingen.
• Pia mater kleeft heel nauw op de hersenen. Het volgt alle groeves en windingen.
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