Summary
Summary Chemistry: The Central Science, ISBN: 9781442559462 Introduction to chemistry
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Summary Chemistry: The Central Science, ISBN: 9462 Introduction to chemistry
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
TEST BANK for Chemistry, The Central Science 15th Edition Theodore Brown; Eugene LeMay; Bruce Bursten. (Complete Chapters 1-24) ultimate guide 100% verified A+.
-
TEST BANK for Chemistry, The Central Science 15th Edition Theodore Brown; Eugene LeMay; Bruce Bursten. (Complete Chapters 1-24) 2025-2025 A+
-
THE Test Bank for Chemistry The Central Science 14th Edition Brown
Seller
Follow
bernicekatako
Content preview
Aqueous ReactionsYou can navigate to specific sections of this handout by clicking on the links below.
Defining Aqueous Reactions: pg. 1
Precipitation Reactions: pg. 1
Acid-Base Reactions: pg. 5
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: pg. 6
Practice Problems: pg. 10
Defining Aqueous Reactions
Aqueous reactions are reactions that take place in water. To understand them, it is
important to understand how compounds behave in water. Some compounds are
electrolytes- they dissociate into separate ions in water. However, not all electrolytes
behave the same way. Some are strong electrolytes, and dissociate completely, so no
ions are left bonded together. Others are weak electrolytes- they only partly dissociate,
and many of their ions are still bonded to each other. Other substances, nonelectrolytes,
do not dissociate at all.
There are three main types of aqueous reactions: precipitation reactions, acid-base
reactions, and oxidation-reduction (or redox) reactions.
Precipitation Reactions
Precipitation reactions produce an insoluble product- the precipitate. They contain two
aqueous reactants, one aqueous product, and one solid product.
𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷(𝑵𝑵𝑶𝑶𝟑𝟑 )𝟐𝟐 (𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂) + 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝑰𝑰(𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂) → 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑰𝑰𝟐𝟐 (𝒔𝒔) + 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝑶𝑶𝟑𝟑 (𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂) ∗
0F
In this reaction, two soluble products, Pb(NO3)2 and KI, combine to form one soluble
product, KNO3, and one insoluble product, PbI2. This is a precipitation reaction, and PbI2
is the precipitate.
∗
In chemical equations, certain abbreviations are used to indicate the state of the substances involved. The
abbreviations are as follows: s = solid; l = liquid; g = gaseous; aq = aqueous, or soluble in water.
Provided by Aqueous Reactions
The Academic Center for Excellence 1 Updated February 2020
, Determining the Products of a Precipitation Reaction
To determine the products of a precipitation reaction, reverse the cation-anion pairs. **
For example, at the beginning of the above reaction, lead is bonded to nitrate, and
potassium is bonded to iodine. The products are these pairs reversed- lead with iodine,
and potassium with nitrate. Precipitation reactions follow this formula:
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 + 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 → 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 + 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩
The products are just the cation-anion pairs reversed, or the “outies” (A and Y joined) and
the “innies” (B and X joined).
Determining Whether or Not a Reaction is a Precipitation Reaction
Once you know the products of a reaction, you can use the solubility rules to see if you
have an insoluble product, and thus, a precipitation reaction.
Solubility Rules:
Soluble: Exceptions:
All ionic compounds
containing:
1. Alkali metals (group 1A) 1. None
2. Ammonium (NH4+) 2. None
3. Nitrate (NO3-) 3. None
4. Acetate (C2H3O2-) 4. None
5. Chloride (Cl-) 5. AgCl, PbCl2, Hg2Cl2, Cul2
6. Bromide (Br-) 6. AgBr, PbBr2, Hg2Br2, CuBr2
7. Iodide (I-) 7. AgI, PbI2, Hg2I2, CuI2
8. Sulfate (SO42-) 8. 8. SrSO4, BaSO4, Hg2SO4, PbSO4, CaSO4
Insoluble: Exceptions:
Compounds containing:
1. S2- 1. When bonded to ammonium, alkali metals,
2. CO32- Ca2+, Sr2+, or Ba2+
3. PO43- 2. When bonded to ammonium or alkalis
4. OH- 3. Same as above
**
If you need help determining the formulas for these new ionic compounds from the ions, look at the
Academic Center for Excellence’s handout, “Naming Compounds.”
Provided by Aqueous Reactions
The Academic Center for Excellence 2 Updated February 2020
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller bernicekatako. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $2.82. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79373 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now
Recently viewed by you
Exam (elaborations) ·
Nccco signal person test 2023 questions and 100% correct answers
