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Samenvatting psychologie en sociologie (coachen op gedrag)
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Samenvatting H1 t/m 7 psychologie en sociologie 8e druk van Ella Wijsman en Wouter Molendijk
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InhoudGedrag en invloeden op gedrag..............................................................................................................4
Psychologische perspectief:................................................................................................................4
Factoren die gedrag beïnvloeden:......................................................................................................4
Vier psychologische stromingen en in historisch perspectief..............................................................4
1. De psychoanalyse...........................................................................................................................4
2. Het behaviorisme............................................................................................................................4
3. De humanistische psychologie........................................................................................................5
4. De cognitieve psychologie...............................................................................................................5
5. Drie recente psychologische stromingen........................................................................................5
Persoonlijkheid.......................................................................................................................................6
Persoonlijkheid:..................................................................................................................................6
The Big Five, nu de belangrijkste theorie over persoonlijkheid..........................................................6
Socialisatie en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling......................................................................................6
Mentale stoornissen en persoonlijkheidsstoornissen.........................................................................6
Humanistische psychologie en persoonlijkheid..................................................................................7
Behaviorisme en persoonlijkheid........................................................................................................7
Cognitieve psychologie en persoonlijkheid.........................................................................................7
Psychodynamische benaderingen en persoonlijkheid........................................................................7
Het oedipuscomplex en fasen in kinderlijke ontwikkeling Freud:...................................................7
Het onbewuste...............................................................................................................................7
Afweermechanismen......................................................................................................................8
Leerprocessen........................................................................................................................................8
Leren en verschillende vormen van leren...........................................................................................8
Intelligentie.........................................................................................................................................8
Sociale intelligentie............................................................................................................................8
Leren door conditioneren...................................................................................................................8
klassiek conditioneren....................................................................................................................8
Operant conditioneren...................................................................................................................9
Sociaal leren.......................................................................................................................................9
Leren volgens de cognitieve psychologie............................................................................................9
Leren en het geheugen.......................................................................................................................9
Het sensorisch geheugen:...............................................................................................................9
Het KTG.........................................................................................................................................10
Het LTG.........................................................................................................................................10
, Leerstijlen.........................................................................................................................................10
1. Leerstijlen volgens Kolb.............................................................................................................10
2. Leerstijlen volgens Vermunt......................................................................................................10
3. Leerstijlen volgens Ruijters.......................................................................................................11
Motivatie..............................................................................................................................................11
Motivatie stuurt gedrag....................................................................................................................11
Intrinsieke motivatie.....................................................................................................................11
Extrinsieke motivatie....................................................................................................................11
Emoties.............................................................................................................................................11
Motivatie van Maslow......................................................................................................................12
Andere motivatietheorieën..............................................................................................................12
Motivatietheorie van McClelland..................................................................................................12
Zelfbeschikkingstheorie................................................................................................................12
Motivatie door de verwachting van waardevolle opbrengsten.....................................................12
Motivatie door het stellen van doelen..........................................................................................12
Angsten die motivatie tegenwerken.................................................................................................13
Zelfcontrole en botsende motivaties................................................................................................13
Attitude.................................................................................................................................................13
Attitude (houding)............................................................................................................................13
Het aanleren van attitudes...........................................................................................................13
Het zelfbeeld.................................................................................................................................13
Cognitieve dissonantie......................................................................................................................14
De relatie tussen attitude en gedrag.................................................................................................14
Attitudeveranderingen......................................................................................................................14
Overzicht..........................................................................................................................................14
Perceptie...............................................................................................................................................15
Het begrip perceptie.........................................................................................................................15
De selectie van prikkels.....................................................................................................................15
Het ordenen van prikkels..................................................................................................................15
Het geven van betekenis aan prikkels...............................................................................................15
Attributie..........................................................................................................................................15
Valkuilen bij perceptie van mensen..................................................................................................15
De fundamentele attributiefout....................................................................................................15
De zelf dienende vertekening.......................................................................................................16
Andere valkuilen bij de perceptie van mensen.................................................................................16
Stereotypering is ook een valkuil bij perceptie.................................................................................16
, Communicatie......................................................................................................................................16
Communicatie en vormen van communicatie..................................................................................16
Formele- en informele communicatie...........................................................................................16
Directe- en indirecte communicatie..............................................................................................16
Feedback..........................................................................................................................................17
De vier aspecten van de boodschap.............................................................................................17
Circulariteit en interactiepatroon.....................................................................................................17
Valkuilen en diskwalificaties.............................................................................................................17
Effectieve communicatie...................................................................................................................17
LSD, Luisteren, Samenvatten en Doorvragen....................................................................................17
Luisteren.......................................................................................................................................18
Samenvatten.................................................................................................................................18
Doorvragen...................................................................................................................................18
De kunst van het vragen stellen........................................................................................................18
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