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LETRS Unit 1: Sessions 1-8 With Complete Solutions 2022/2023
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LETRS Unit 1: Sessions 1-8 With CompleteSolutions 2022/2023
LETRS unit 1 session 1
According to the 2015 National Assessment of Educational Progress,
what percentage of fourth-grade students have scored "basic" or
"below basic" in reading?
a. 33% of students nationally, equally split among white, African-
American, and Hispanic students
b. 23% nationally, with African-American and Hispanic students
making up a disproportionate amount
c. 50% nationally, with white students making up a disproportionate
amount
d. 64% nationally, with African-American and Hispanic students
making up a disproportionate amount - d. 64% nationally, with
African-American and Hispanic students making up a
disproportionate amount
Reading comprehension is not a single construct. Rather, the ability to
understand what you read relies on multiple components. Once
readers become more skilled in word recognition, which of the
following components increase in their importance?
a. spelling and phonemic awareness
b. orthographic knowledge and background knowledge
c. cognates and syllable awareness
d. background knowledge and vocabulary - d. background
knowledge and vocabulary
Which statement most accurately describes how the human brain
has evolved to process spoken and written language?
a. Our brains have evolved to process spoken language much
more easily than alphabetic writing.
b. Our brains have evolved to process spoken and written language
equally well.
c. Our brains process spoken language and pictorial writing equally
well, but have not evolved to process alphabetic writing.
d. Our brains process spoken language extremely well, and we
process alphabetic writing surprisingly well given that it is a relatively
recent achievement. - a. Our brains have evolved to process spoken
language much more easily than alphabetic writing.
What characteristic makes English a "deep" alphabetic orthography?
a. Its spelling system is entirely phonetic.
b. Its spelling system shares many word roots with other languages.
c. Its spelling system represents meaningful parts (morphemes) as
well as sounds.
,d. Its spelling patterns have not been completely stable over time. - c.
Its spelling system represents meaningful parts (morphemes) as well
as sounds.
According to the Simple View of Reading model, which is more
important to reading comprehension—word recognition or language
comprehension?
a. Word recognition is much more important.
b. Language comprehension is much more important.
c. Word recognition is slightly more important.
d. Both are equally important. - d. Both are equally important.
LETRS Unit 1 Session 1
phonics Correct Ans ➡ the study of the relationships between
letters and the sounds they represent; also used as a descriptor for
code-based instruction
phonemic awareness Correct Ans ➡ the conscious awareness of the
individual speech sounds (consonants and vowels) in spoken syllables
and the ability to consciously manipulate those sounds.
Five Essential Components of Reading Instruction
Correct Ans ➡
Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and
comprehension.
pictographs Correct Ans ➡ primitive writing system that
directly represented or made pictures of the intended meaning
(hieroglyphics)
logographs Correct Ans ➡ writing system where symbols were
used to represent meanings rather than sound (Chinese radicals and
Mayan gylphs)
syllabic symbols Correct Ans ➡ writing system that
directly represented whole syllables (cherokee)
alphabetic writing Correct Ans ➡ a system in which graphic
signs represent individual consonants and vowels, or phenomes
syllable Correct Ans ➡ a unit of pronunciation that is organized
around a vowel; it may or may not have a consonant after the vowel
morphemes Correct Ans ➡ The smallest units of meaning in a
language; meaningful parts of words; it may be a word or part of a
word; it may be a single sound (plural /s/); one syllable (suffix -ful)
or multiple syllables (prefix inter-)
orthography Correct Ans ➡ A writing system for representing
language.
, shallow orthography Correct Ans ➡ the sound-symbol
correspondences in the alphabetic writing system are regular and
predicable, with one sound represented by one symbol or letter
(Spanish)
deep orthography Correct Ans ➡ the sound-symbol
correspondences in the alphabetic writing system represent both
morphemes (meaningful parts) and speech sound (English)
morphophonemic Correct Ans ➡ a deep alphabetic writing system
organized by both "sound-symbol" correspondences and morphology
(English orthography falls under this category) Consider examples
that share a consistently spelled root or meaningful part (morpheme)
but have different pronunciations of the root: compress, compression
(s, or sh) rite or ritual (t or ch)
cognate Correct Ans ➡ a word in one language that shares a
common ancestor and meanings with a word from another
language; promblema or diagrama
metalinguistic awareness Correct Ans ➡ the ability to think about
and reflect on the structure of language itself The invention of the
alphabet was an achievement in metalinguistic awareness.
Simple View of Reading (SVR) Correct Ans ➡ word recognition
x language comprehension = reading comprehension
word recognition Correct Ans ➡ the accurate and fast
retrieval of decoded word forms; essential for the development
of reading (SVR)
language comprehension Correct Ans ➡ listening comprehension
or the linguistic processes involved in the comprehension of oral
language (SVR)
decoding Correct Ans ➡ The ability to translate a word from print
to speech, usually by employing knowledge of sound symbol
correspondences; also the act of deciphering a new word by
sounding it out.
LETRS Unit 1 Session 2
Semantics Correct Ans ➡ The study of word and phrase meanings
and relationships
Morphology Correct Ans ➡ The study of meaningful units in a
language and how the units are combined in word formation
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