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A-level Biology [B1- Biological Molecules] $6.96   Add to cart

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A-level Biology [B1- Biological Molecules]

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This document consists of 23 slides - covering both B1 & B2 [relevance to the CGP text book]. It has a high-detailed notes with exam keywords/phrases highlighted [referenced from external sheet]. Topic it covers in depth are: - polysaccharide/Lipids/Proteins - Tests for [above] - Enzyme and rate...

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  • April 4, 2023
  • 23
  • 2022/2023
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Biology
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,Biological molecules
 What are polymers ?
Polymers are large, complex molecules composed of monomers.
Most polymers are made through condensation reaction where water is lost in process
 Condensation reaction
- Joining of 2 molecules
- Loss of water molecule
- Formation of a chemical bond e.g., glycosidic, ester, peptide.
To reverse the condensation reaction, you would need to hydrolyse the molecule (by
adding water).
 Hydrolysis reaction
- Separation of 2 molecules
- Gain of water molecule
- Breakage of chemical bond.

, Sugars
 All sugars compose of monomer blocks called monosaccharides. They
are the building blocks of carbohydrate which consists of C, H and O
elements.
 Glucose for instance is a hexose sugar and are of 2 types, alpha and
beta.
 Difference between alpha and beta are that they are position isomers.
 These monosaccharides form Disaccharides through ‘Glycosidic bond’.
E.g. Maltose (2 alpha) and cellobiose (2 beta).
 For maltose, the bond would be shown at the bottom.


 For cellobiose, the bond will be shown diagonally.
Note: The glycosidic bond for every other beta glucose is inverted.

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