Band 7 SL Chemistry Notes from a 44/45 Novemeber 2022 Graduate
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Course
Chemistry
Institution
12th Grade
Book
Pearson Baccalaureate Chemistry Higher Level 2nd Edition Print and Online Edition for the IB Diploma
These notes are flashcard-inspired and encourage a high degree of active recall to learn; they are in-depth and cover the entirety of the SL Chemistry course based on the HL Chemistry Textbook Linked. These notes will be of great use during the new edition of the IB Chemistry Course.
- average mass of a molecule/mass of 1/12 of one atom of 12C (carbon isotope)
Empirical vs molecular formulas
- Empirical: most simple ratio
- Molecular: actual whole number ratio between the elements of the compound
Sublimation
- Solid to gas
Deposition
- Gas to solid
When do real gases deviate from ideal behaviour? (2)
- high pressures and low temperatures
, Deviation from ideal behaviour (high pressure)
- space between particles is reduced and volume of real gas is higher than predicted from
ideal gas law
- attractive forces strengthen as particles approach more closely
Assumptions of ideal gas law (2)
- volume of gas particles is negligible
- no attractive forces between particles
Deviation from ideal behaviour (low temperatures)
- lower kinetic energy increases the strength of inter-particle forces
Why do gases deviate from the ideal gas law at high pressures
- molecules have finite volume
Homogenous reaction definition
- all species are in the same state
Heterogenous reaction definition
- the species are in different states
Do individual components retain their individual chemical properties in a mixture?
- Yes
Determining the end-point
- a good titration result is one which gives consistent results within 0.1cm 3 of each other
Back titration
- returning to the end-point after it has passed
- unreacted excess is determined by a titration against a standard solution
Finding volume using STP (dm3)
- STP times moles
STP formula
- moles = volume (dm3) divided by 22.7
2) Atomic Structure
How can properties on an element be predicted?
- The periodic table shows regular periodic trends in properties
Continuous spectrum vs line spectrum
- continuous: radiation spread over all wavelengths (white light passed through a prism)
- line: radiation absorbed at specific wavelengths
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