Davita PCT exam May 2023 Final Exam with complete solution

1. Number 1 & 2 cause of (CKD) chronic kidney diease: 1- diabetes 2-hyper- tension 2. In (AKI) acute kidney injury it is better to keep patients?: too wet, rather than too dry with fluid removal goals 3. 3 sub-groups of ckd?: 1-pre-renal-interferes w/ BF to the kidneys, causes-in- juries/renal artery clot 2- intra-renal-damages nephron directly, causes-diabetes/hypertension/PKD 3- post-renal-any condition interfering w/ urine leaving the bladder, causes-kidney stones/enlarged prostate 4. Acceptable conductivity range of dialysate?: 13-15.5ms +/- 0.4 5. Acceptable PH range of bicarb?: 6.9-7.6 PH 6. Hemodialysis (HD) replaces approximately how much of normal kidney function?: 15% 7. In patients w/ kidney failure, what is recommended to use if they are having issues w/ their skin, such as dryness?: hyper fatted/super fatted soaps and lotions 8. There is no specific tx for a patient w/ peripheral neuropathy, but it is recommended that a patient should?: not walk barefoot check feet for cuts test bath water to ensure it is not too hot 9. Filtration: fluid passing through a semi-permeable membrane, controlled by hydrostatic pressure EX. coffee filter 10. Ultrafiltration (UF): controlled fluid removal by manipulation of hydrostatic pressure 11. Convection: solutes dragged across the semi-permeable membrane along w/ the fluid 12. Diffusion: the process by which particles (solutes) move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration 13. normal acid-base balance of the body?: 7.35-7.45 PH 14. How do kidneys control blood pressure?: renin-angiotensin system 15. Erythropoiesis: function of the kidneys that control the production of red blood cells 16. 3 functions of normal working kidneys?: 1-endocrine system- a. renin-angiotensin-BP regulation b. erythropoiesis-RBC production, activation of vitamin D3 & serum Ca regulation 2-acid concentration- maintain normal body PH, excreting acids & reabsorbing bicarbonates 3-excretory functions- waste removal, acid-base balance, fluid/electrolyte balance 17. Anemia medications?: epogen IV iron 18. 2 most common causes of death for a dialysis patient?: 1-heart attack 2-infection 19. Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) are mainly routed by?: contact transmission of infection hands/surfaces 20. Most common infectious complications among HD patients?: vascular access infections 21. How long can MRSA bacteria remain on a surface?: for days, especially on plastic/vinyl 22. Breakdown product of chlorine that causes hemolysis?: chloramines 23. Hemolysis: the rupture or destruction of red blood cells blood is visibly cherry red kool-aid colored 24. Chlorine + Chloramines =: hemolysis 25. What does the water softener remove?: calcium and magnesium 26. How often is carbon filter monitoring done? CM130: takes chlorine samples every 5 minutes 27. When do you test the carbon filter monitoring?: Prior to the first tx of the day, then within every 4 hours *RO must run 15 min. prior to testing 28. What are the limits for carbon filter monitoring?: 0.1mg/L or less 29. What does reverse osmosis (RO) remove?: organic/inorganic contaminants bacteria/endotoxins 30. Primary device used for water purification in dialysis?: Reverse Osmosis 31. 3 responses to final water quality alarm?: 1-put all machines in bypass mode