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Verbintenissenrecht samenvatting

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Dit is een samenvatting van Verbintenissenrecht. De lesnotities en het boek (grotendeels) zijn er in verwerkt. De samenvatting heeft de volledige structuur die zijn aangenomen in de lessen, ook alle lessen zijn via opnames herbekeken! In het document zijn er verwijzingen naar schema’s. Dit zijn d...

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  • April 6, 2023
  • June 13, 2023
  • 202
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

18  reviews

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By: henrideraedt • 5 months ago

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By: emmascheir • 7 months ago

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By: Merlemerel • 1 year ago

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Good summary! clear and concise (but not too concise, of course) would definitely recommend it!!

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By: rechtenstudent23 • 8 months ago

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Good summary, but lots of typos and typos...

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By: julievangysel04 • 1 year ago

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By: piasj • 1 year ago

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By: willaertpetra • 1 year ago

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Verbintenissenrecht 2022-2023 1

,Inhoudsopgave
SCHEMA 1..................................................................................................................................................... 13

DEFINITIE VERBINTENIS ................................................................................................................................ 13

DEFINITIE CONTRACT .................................................................................................................................... 14

EEN RECHTSHANDELING ............................................................................................................................... 14

SCHEMA 2: BRONNEN VAN VERBINTENISSEN ............................................................................................... 14

SCHEMA 3: BRONNEN VAN HET VERBINTENISSENRECHT .............................................................................. 15

SCHEMA 4: LEVEN VAN EEN CONTRACT ........................................................................................................ 17

BRONNEN VAN VERBINTENISSEN ................................................................................................................. 18

STRUCTUUR BOEK 5&1 ................................................................................................................................. 18

STRUCTUUR BOEK 5&1 ........................................................................................................................................... 19
Art. 1.1 Bronnen ............................................................................................................................................ 19
Art. 1.3. Rechtshandeling .............................................................................................................................. 19
Art. 1.10 Rechtsmisbruik................................................................................................................................ 19
Art. 1.11. Oogmerk om te schaden (à fraus omnia corrumpit) .................................................................... 20
STRUCTUUR .......................................................................................................................................................... 21
Onrechtmatige daad ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Rechtmatig vertrouwen als bron van verbintenissen? .................................................................................. 22
Rechtmatig vertrouwen? ............................................................................................................................... 23
Eenzijdige wilsuiting ...................................................................................................................................... 23
Eenzijdige wilsuiting ...................................................................................................................................... 24
Oneigenlijke contracten (5.127 BW) .............................................................................................................. 25

A. CONTRACTBEGRIP .................................................................................................................................... 30

CONTRACTEN: GEEN SYNONIEM VAN CONTRACTUELE DOCUMENTEN ................................................................................. 30
Contract ......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Contractuele document ................................................................................................................................. 30

B. CONTRACT ALS INDIVIDUEEL EN MAATSCHAPPELIJK INSTRUMENT ........................................................... 30

DOELSTELLINGEN EXTERN AAN HET ALGEMEEN CONTRACTENRECHT .................................................................................. 30
DOELSTELLINGEN VAN ALGEMEEN CONTRACTENRECHT: EIGEN BELANG VERSUS BELANG VAN DE ANDER EN DE SAMENLEVING ....... 31
REALISATIE VAN DOELSTELLINGEN IN ONS ALGEMEEN CONTRACTENRECHT .......................................................................... 31

C. CONTRACT ALS BOUWSTEEN VAN PRIVAATRECHTELIJK VERMOGENSRECHT ............................................. 31

PERSOON EN VERMOGEN ......................................................................................................................................... 31
DE TRIPTIEK VAN BESCHERMING TEGEN SCHADEVEROORZAKENDE HANDELINGEN, BESCHERMING TEGEN ONGERECHTVAARDIGDE
VERRIJKING EN VAN CONTRACTUELE VERWACHTINGEN ................................................................................................... 31

D. ALGEMEEN VERSUS BIJZONDER CONTRACTENRECHT, SECTORALE CONTRACT REGULERINGEN EN
CONTRACTMODELLEN .................................................................................................................................. 32

BELANG EN RELATIVITEIT VAN HET ALGEMEEN CONTRACTENRECHT ................................................................................... 32
BIJZONDER CONTRACTENRECHT ................................................................................................................................. 32
SECTORALE CONTRACTREGULERINGEN ........................................................................................................................ 32
TRANSNATIONALE CONTRACTMODELLEN ..................................................................................................................... 32



Verbintenissenrecht 2022-2023 2

,E. INTERNATIONALISERING, EUROPEANISERING, DIGITALISERING, CODIFICERING, REGIONALISERING EN
CONSTITUTIONALISERING............................................................................................................................. 33

INTERNATIONALISERING ........................................................................................................................................... 33
EUROPEANISERING: RICHTLIJNEN, VERORDENINGEN EN PRIMAIR EU-RECHT ....................................................................... 33
NATIONALE CODIFICATIES ......................................................................................................................................... 33
REGIONALISERING .................................................................................................................................................. 33
CONSTITUTIONALISERING VAN HET PRIVAATRECHT OP HORIZONTALISERING VAN FUNDAMENTELE RECHTEN .............................. 33

OVERZICHT ................................................................................................................................................... 34

A. STRUCTUUR.............................................................................................................................................. 34

B. DE AARD ................................................................................................................................................... 34

IN PRINCIPE VAN SUPPLETIEF RECHT ............................................................................................................................ 34
DRIE RESTERENDE KRITIEKPUNTEN: AFWIJKINGEN? DRAAGWIJDTE? GEDEELTELIJK? ............................................................. 34
Kritiek 1.......................................................................................................................................................... 34
Kritiek 2.......................................................................................................................................................... 35
Kritiek 3.......................................................................................................................................................... 35

C. DOELSTELLINGEN EN MEERWAARDE VAN BOEK 5 BW .............................................................................. 35

OVERZICHT ........................................................................................................................................................... 35
1. Symboliek van een nieuw wetboek ............................................................................................................ 35
2. Codificatie en stabiliteit ............................................................................................................................. 35
3. Rechtszekerheid, grotere toegankelijkheid en flexibiliteit ......................................................................... 35
4. Modernisering van begrippen en regels .................................................................................................... 36
5. Nieuw evenwicht, maar welk? ................................................................................................................... 36
6. Grotere concurrentiekracht van Belgische ondernemingen, grotere aantrekkingskracht voor Belgische
rechtskeuze, minder procedures en minder nood aan advies? ...................................................................... 36

D. ALGEMENE INTERPRETATIEHULPMIDDELEN ............................................................................................. 37

INSPIRATIEBRONNEN ............................................................................................................................................... 37
KERNINTERPRETATIERICHTLIJN................................................................................................................................... 37

E. WERKING IN DE TIJD ................................................................................................................................. 37

1. INWERKTREDING EN KERNOVERGANGSREGEL ............................................................................................................ 37
Overgangsrecht: oud en nieuw BW nog lang naast elkaar ........................................................................... 37
Datum inwerktreding .................................................................................................................................... 37
Kernovergangsregel: oude rechtshandelingen/feiten oud recht, nieuwe rechtshandelingen/feiten nieuw
recht .............................................................................................................................................................. 37

A. ELKEEN KAN ZIJN FUNDAMENTELE RECHTEN UITOEFENEN VIA RECHTSHANDELINGEN EN ANDERE
GEDRAGINGEN ............................................................................................................................................. 39

FUNDAMENTELE RECHTEN EN VRIJHEDEN; BELANGEN EN WAARDEN .................................................................................. 39
GEDRAGINGEN: RECHTSFEITEN EN RECHTSHANDELINGEN ................................................................................................ 39
RECHTSHANDELINGEN: CONTRACTEN EN EENZIJDIGE RECHTSHANDELINGEN, MITS RECHTS-EN HANDELINGSBEKWAAMHEID .......... 39
GEBONDENHEID EN SUBJECTIEVE RECHTEN .................................................................................................................. 39

B. FUNDAMENTELE RECHTEN WORDEN IN VERTICALE EN HORIZONTALE RELATIES BEPERKT IN HET LICHT VAN
EEN AFWEGING VAN BELANGEN EN WAARDEN ............................................................................................ 40




Verbintenissenrecht 2022-2023 3

, CONFLICTEN TUSSEN FUNDAMENTELE RECHTEN ............................................................................................................ 40
BEPERKINGEN VAN FUNDAMENTELE RECHTEN DOOR DE OVERHEID EN BESCHERMING VIA DE VERTICALE WERKING ...................... 40
BESCHERMING VIA DE HORIZONTALE WERKING VAN FUNDAMENTELE RECHTEN .................................................................... 40

C. OOK DE CONTRACTVRIJHEID EN DE CONTRACTUELE GEBONDENHEID ZIJN AAN BEPERKINGEN
ONDERWORPEN ........................................................................................................................................... 40

BEPERKINGEN BIJ HET SLUITEN EN UITVOEREN VAN CONTRACTEN ..................................................................................... 40

A. BASISBEGINSEL, FUNDAMENTEEL RECHT EN FUNCTIES ............................................................................. 41

BASISBEGINSEL ...................................................................................................................................................... 41
FUNDAMENTEEL RECHT ........................................................................................................................................... 41
FUNCTIES: VERBAND MET WILSAUTONOMIE, GERECHTSVAARDIGD VERTROUWEN, EFFICIËNTIE EN (SOIALE) RECHTVAARDIGHEID ... 41
Waarom is een contract is bindend? ............................................................................................................. 41

B. TWEE FACETTEN ....................................................................................................................................... 42

1. MATERIËLE CONTRACTSVRIJHEID ............................................................................................................................ 42
Drie aspecten van de materiële contractsvrijheid ......................................................................................... 42
Geen contractendwang ................................................................................................................................. 42
2. FORMELE CONTRACTVRIJHEID ................................................................................................................................ 42
In principe geen vormvereisten ..................................................................................................................... 42

BEPERKINGEN AAN DIE VRIJHEID .................................................................................................................. 43

BEPERKING 1: OPENBARE ORDE EN DWINGEND RECHT ................................................................................................... 43
invulling van de openbare orde ..................................................................................................................... 43
BEPERKING 2: FUNDAMENTELE RECHTEN ..................................................................................................................... 43
Onderscheid fundamentele rechten en subjectieve rechten/ onderscheid vertivale en (indirecte of directe)
horizontale werking ....................................................................................................................................... 44
BEPERKING 3: VERBOD VAN RECHTSMISBRUIK .............................................................................................................. 44
3 grote groepen van regels ............................................................................................................................ 44
Criteria van rechtsmisbruik ............................................................................................................................ 46
sanctie voor het handelen in strijd met het verbod van rechtsmisbruik of de objectieve goede trouw ........ 47
BEPERKING 4: FRAUS OMNIA CORRUMPIT .................................................................................................................. 48
Toepassingsvoorwaarde Fraus omnia corrumpit: ......................................................................................... 48
onderscheid met subjectieve goede trouw .................................................................................................... 49
BEPERKING 5: VERBOD VAN WETSONTDUIKING ............................................................................................................ 49
Toepassingsvereisten..................................................................................................................................... 50
Rechtsgevolgen ............................................................................................................................................. 50
BEPERKING 6: BUITENCONTRACTUELE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID (BCCA) ................................................................................. 50

INLEIDING ..................................................................................................................................................... 51

A. CONTRACTSVRIJHEID EN ONDERHANDELINGSVRIJHEID ............................................................................ 52

DEFINITIE .............................................................................................................................................................. 52
STOPZETTEN VAN ONDERHANDELINGEN ....................................................................................................................... 52
IN PRINCIPE GEEN VEROLICHTING OM EEN CONTRACT TE SLUITEN ...................................................................................... 52

B. PRECONTRACTUELE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID ................................................................................................. 52

WAT ZIJN DE GEDRAGSPLICHTEN? .............................................................................................................................. 52
1. Algemene zorgvuldigheidsplicht (1382 -1383) .......................................................................................... 52



Verbintenissenrecht 2022-2023 4

, 2. goede trouw .............................................................................................................................................. 52
3. verbod van rechtmisbruik .......................................................................................................................... 52
MAAR NAAST DE ALGEMENE NORMEN^ OOK: SPECIFIEKE WETTEN ................................................................................... 53
WAT KAN ER ALLEMAAL VERKEERD GAAN IN DE PRECONTRACTUELE FASE?.......................................................................... 53
1. Foutief afbreken van onderhandelingen.................................................................................................... 53
2. Partijen moeten hun informatieplichten nakomen.................................................................................... 55
3. geen misbruik maken ................................................................................................................................ 58
VOORKEURSCONTRACT, OPTIECONTRACT .................................................................................................................... 58
5.24: voorkeurscontract ................................................................................................................................ 58
Art. 5.25: optiecontract ................................................................................................................................. 58
Art. 5.26: de sanctie als deze worden geschonden pand aan C. .................................................................... 59
AANBOD & AANVAARDING ....................................................................................................................................... 59
Aanbod .......................................................................................................................................................... 59
Raam- of kaderovereenkomsten ................................................................................................................... 59

A. CONSENSUALISME EN FORMALITEITEN .................................................................................................... 60

UITZONDERINGEN .................................................................................................................................................. 60
Vormvereiste voortvloeiend door de wet of door een contract ..................................................................... 60
FUNCTIES .............................................................................................................................................................. 61
onderscheid bestaans - of totstandkomingsvereisten vs geldigheidsvereisten ............................................. 61
Andere functies van vormvoorwaarden ........................................................................................................ 61

B. WILSOVEREENSTEMMING ........................................................................................................................ 62

1) WILSOVEREENSTEMMING: SAMENTREFFEN VAN DE WILSUITING VAN PARTIJEN ................................................................ 62
uitdrukkelijk of stilzwijgend ........................................................................................................................... 62
2) WILSOVEREENSTEMMING VIA AANBOD EN AANVAARDING ........................................................................................... 63
definitie contract = overeenkomst ................................................................................................................. 63
Aspect: rechtsgevolgen.................................................................................................................................. 63
OVERZICHT ............................................................................................................................................................ 63
2.1. Aanbod ................................................................................................................................................... 63
2.2. Aanvaarding ........................................................................................................................................... 65
3) AANBOD EN AANVAARDING BIJ VIA ELEKTRONISCHE WEG GESLOTEN OVEREENKOMSTEN .................................................... 67
Via elektronische weg gesloten overeenkomsten.......................................................................................... 67
Dwang om een rechtshandeling via elektronische weg te stellen ................................................................. 67
4) TOTSTANDKOMING VAN DE MEERPARTIJENOVEREENKOMST ........................................................................................ 67
Wilsovereenstemming tussen meer dan twee partijen ................................................................................. 67

C. BEDOELING OM ZICH JURIDISCH TE VERBINDEN OF ANDERE RECHTSGEVOLGEN TE CREËREN ................... 67

BEDOELING OM RECHTSGEVOLGEN TE CREËREN ............................................................................................................ 67

D. WILSAUTONOMIE: EEN TE RELATIVEREN EN TE CORRIGEREN BEGINSEL ................................................... 68

WILSAUTONOMIE.................................................................................................................................................... 68

E. ALGEMENE VOORWAARDEN (STANDAARDBEDINGEN) EN TOETREDINGSCONTRACTEN ............................ 68

ALGEMENE VOORWAARDEN à ART. 5.23 .................................................................................................................. 68
VRAAG 1: Wanneer zijn ze deel van het contract – wanneer zijn ze bindend? .............................................. 68
VRAAG 2: Battle of the forms? ...................................................................................................................... 69

GELDIGHEID VAN HET CONTRACT ................................................................................................................. 70



Verbintenissenrecht 2022-2023 5

, 2 GROTE VRAGEN: .................................................................................................................................................. 70
GELDIGHEIDSVEREISTEN ........................................................................................................................................... 71
1ste geldigheidsvereiste: toestemming .......................................................................................................... 71
2de geldigheidsvereiste:bekwaamheid ........................................................................................................... 71
3de geldigheidsvereiste: voorwerp ................................................................................................................. 73
4DE GELDIGHEIDSVEREISE: OORZAAK ........................................................................................................................... 74
Er moet een oorzaak zijn ............................................................................................................................... 74
Niet vals zijn: ................................................................................................................................................. 75
Geoorloode oorzaak: ..................................................................................................................................... 75
5de geldigheidsvereiste: benadeling............................................................................................................... 75
6 GELDIGHEIDSVEREISTE: STRIJDIGHEID MET OPENBARE ORDE OF DWINGEND RECHT ........................................................... 76
DE



NIETIGHEIDSGRONDEN EN GELDIGHEIDSGEBREKEN ..................................................................................... 77

ONRECHTMATIGE BEDINGENLEER ................................................................................................................ 78

GROEP 1: B2C-CONTRACTEN .................................................................................................................................... 78
GROEP 2: B2B-CONTRACTEN ................................................................................................................................... 79
GROEP 3: ART 5.52 BW ......................................................................................................................................... 80

NIETIGVERKLARING ...................................................................................................................................... 82

1STE BELANGRIJK PUNT: DROIT DE CRITIQUE .................................................................................................................. 82
2DE BELANGRIJK PUNT: HOE MOET JE NIETIGVERKLAREN? ................................................................................................ 82

ONDERSCHEID ABSOLUTE VS RELATIEVE NIETIGHEID .................................................................................... 84

I. VOOR DE KRING VAN DE AANSPRAAKGERECHTIGDEN ................................................................................................... 84
II. VOOR DE VRAAG VAN DE AFSTAND OF BEVESTIGING DOOR EEN NIETIGHEIDSGROND AANGETASTE OVEREENKOMST ................. 85

NEMO AUDITUR PROPRIAN TRUPIDUNINEM ALLEGANS ............................................................................... 87

GEBREK AAN KANTMELDING ........................................................................................................................ 87

SANCTIES .............................................................................................................................................................. 87
Sanctie 1: ....................................................................................................................................................... 87
Sanctie 2: ....................................................................................................................................................... 87

RIJKWIJDTE EN GEVOLG ................................................................................................................................ 88

RIJKWIJDTE ............................................................................................................................................................ 88
GEVOLGEN VAN DE NIETIGVERKLARING ........................................................................................................................ 89
1. Principe van de retroactieve werking = ex tunc ......................................................................................... 89

RESTITUTIEVERBINTENISSEN......................................................................................................................... 90

1) WANNEER ONTSTAAT EEN RESTITUTIESCHULD? ........................................................................................................ 90
2) WANNEER ONTSTAAT DAN DE RESTITUTIESCHULD?.................................................................................................... 90
3) WANNEER BEGINT DE VERJARING TE LOPEN VAN DE RESTITUTIE? .................................................................................. 90
4) HOE MOET DE RESTITUTIE GEBEUREN? .................................................................................................................... 90
5) WAT ALS HET VOORWERP DAT TERUG GEGEVEN MOET WORDEN, TELOOR GAAT DOOR OVERMACHT OF ANDERS? ................... 91
6) UITGAVEN? ....................................................................................................................................................... 91
7) VRUCHTEN EN OPBRENGSTEN? .............................................................................................................................. 92
8) WEIGERING VAN DE RESITUTIE AAN DE SCHULDIGE PARTIJ? ......................................................................................... 92

SCHADEVERGOEDING ................................................................................................................................... 92



Verbintenissenrecht 2022-2023 6

,GEVOLGEN VAN NIETIGVERKLARING ............................................................................................................ 92

ZAKELIJKE WERKING OF DERDENWERKING VAN NIETIGVERKLARING .................................................................................... 92
uitzonderingen bij roerende goederen (art. 3.28): ........................................................................................ 93
uitzonderingen bij onroerende goederen (art. 3.27): .................................................................................... 93

THEORIE VAN VERVAL OF CADUCITÉ ............................................................................................................. 93

OUD RECHT ........................................................................................................................................................... 93
NIEUW RECHT ........................................................................................................................................................ 95

VERTEGENWOORDIGING .............................................................................................................................. 96

ONMIDDELIJKE / RECHTSTREEKSE VERTEGENWOORDIGING .............................................................................................. 96
MIDDELIJKE / ONRECHTSTREEKSE VERTEGENWOORDIGING .............................................................................................. 97

INLEIDING ..................................................................................................................................................... 98

DERDENWERKING......................................................................................................................................... 99

RELATIVITEIT VAN OVEREENKOMSTEN EN TEGENWERPELIJKHEID ..................................................................................... 100
relativiteit .................................................................................................................................................... 100

STERKMAKING – ZIJDELINGSE VORDERING ................................................................................................. 103

PAULIAANSE VORDERING ........................................................................................................................... 103

DERDENWERKING....................................................................................................................................... 104

GEVOLG VAN EEN CONTRACT VOOR DERDEN ............................................................................................. 104

RELATIVITEIT ........................................................................................................................................................ 104
PRINCIPE VAN TEGENWERPELIJKHEID ........................................................................................................................ 105

RELATIVITEIT .............................................................................................................................................. 105

DERDENBEDING .................................................................................................................................................... 105

RECHTSTREEKSE VORDERING ...................................................................................................................... 106

VALSE UITZONDERING ................................................................................................................................ 107

STERKMAKING ...................................................................................................................................................... 107
ZIJDELINGSE VORDERING ........................................................................................................................................ 108

TEGENWERPELIJKHEID ................................................................................................................................ 108

EXTRA FORMALITEITEN .......................................................................................................................................... 109
TEGENWERPELIJKHEID IN NADEEL VAN DERDE ............................................................................................................. 109
TEGENWERPELIJKHEID IN VOORDEEL VAN EEN DERDE.................................................................................................... 109
UITZONDERINGINGEN ............................................................................................................................................ 109
VIJNZING = SIMULATIE ........................................................................................................................................... 109

GEVOLGEN VOOR PARTIJEN ........................................................................................................................ 110

DE INHOUD VAN EEN CONTRACT .............................................................................................................................. 110
Interpretatie ................................................................................................................................................ 110
Kwalificatie .................................................................................................................................................. 112
aanvulling .................................................................................................................................................... 112
Matiging ...................................................................................................................................................... 113



Verbintenissenrecht 2022-2023 7

,SPECIFIEKE ASPECTEN ................................................................................................................................. 113

INTUITU PERSONAE ............................................................................................................................................... 113
OPEISBAARHEID .................................................................................................................................................... 113

TERMIJN - VOORWAARDE........................................................................................................................... 114

UITDOVENDE TERMIJN – ONTBINDENDE VOORWAARDE ............................................................................ 115

OPEISBAARHEID ......................................................................................................................................... 116

ART. 5.140, LID 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 116
ART. 5.141 ......................................................................................................................................................... 116
Nakoming .................................................................................................................................................... 116
niet - nakoming ........................................................................................................................................... 116
OPSCHORTENDE VOORWAARDE – REGELS .................................................................................................................. 117
1. Wat? ........................................................................................................................................................ 117
2. Geldigheidsvereisten?.............................................................................................................................. 117
3. Gevolgen? ................................................................................................................................................ 119
OPSCHORTENDE TERMIJN ....................................................................................................................................... 120

DUUR ......................................................................................................................................................... 120

INLEIDING - STRUCTUUR ......................................................................................................................................... 120
DUUR ................................................................................................................................................................. 121
Overeenkomsten van bepaalde duur........................................................................................................... 121
Overeenkomsten van onbepaalde duur....................................................................................................... 122
Bijzondere wetgeving .................................................................................................................................. 122

WEDERZIJDSE / MINNELIJKE BEËINDIGING.................................................................................................. 123

EENZIJDIGE OPZEGGING ............................................................................................................................. 123

EENZIJDIGE OPZEGGING: ONHERROEPELIJK ................................................................................................................. 123
soort ............................................................................................................................................................ 123

ONTBINDENDE VOORWAARDE ................................................................................................................... 124

Wat? ............................................................................................................................................................ 124
Geldigheid? .................................................................................................................................................. 124
gevolgen? .................................................................................................................................................... 124

GOEDERENRECHTELIJKE GEVOLGEN ............................................................................................................ 125

ZAKELIJKE WERKING ................................................................................................................................... 125

STRUCTUUR DEEL 4 EN DEEL 5 .................................................................................................................... 126

STAPPENPLAN ............................................................................................................................................ 126

STAP 1: CONTRACTBREUK ..................................................................................................................................... 126
STAP 2: VERZUIM ............................................................................................................................................... 127
STAP 3: SANCTIES ............................................................................................................................................... 127
STAP 4: DE BUITENCONTRACTUELE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID .............................................................................................. 127
SAMENLOOP – HULPPERSONEN ............................................................................................................................... 128

WANPRESTATIE .......................................................................................................................................... 130

STAP 1 .............................................................................................................................................................. 130


Verbintenissenrecht 2022-2023 8

, STAP 2 .............................................................................................................................................................. 130
fouten van hulppersonen ............................................................................................................................. 131
quasi immuniteit.......................................................................................................................................... 131
STAP 2: VERZUIM ................................................................................................................................................ 132
ingeberekestelling ....................................................................................................................................... 132
uitzondering op in gebreke stellingsvereisten ............................................................................................. 132
Gevolgen...................................................................................................................................................... 133
SANCTIES ............................................................................................................................................................ 133
UBI JURIS IBI REMEDIUM ......................................................................................................................................... 133

SANCTIES .................................................................................................................................................... 134

SANCTIE 1: UITVOERING IN NATURA ............................................................................................................... 134
Toepassingsvoorwaarden ............................................................................................................................ 134
Gevolgen...................................................................................................................................................... 134
SANCTIE 2: VERVANGINGSANTIE ..................................................................................................................... 136
identieke prestatie – equivalente prestatie ................................................................................................. 136
NIET mogelijk als: ........................................................................................................................................ 136
toepassingsvoorwaarden ............................................................................................................................ 136
Gevolgen...................................................................................................................................................... 138
SANCTIE 3: SCHADEHERSTEL............................................................................................................................ 138
toepassingsvoorwaarden ............................................................................................................................ 138
SCHADEVERGOEDING ............................................................................................................................................ 139
geldschulden - waardeschuld ...................................................................................................................... 140
interesten .................................................................................................................................................... 140
interestvoeten ............................................................................................................................................. 142
Bijzondere regels laattijdige betaling van geldschulden = MORATOIRE INTERESTEN ................................. 142
Regels bij vergoeding wanneer waardeschuld te laat betaald wordt = COMPENSATOIRE INTERESTEN ..... 143
“Schadebeperkingsplicht” ........................................................................................................................... 143
3 contractualiseringen ivm schadeherstel ................................................................................................... 144
SANCTIE 4: PRIJSVERMINDERING .................................................................................................................... 148
SANCTIE 5: OPSCHORTINGSRECHT = ENAC ..................................................................................................... 149
toepassingsvoorwaarden ............................................................................................................................ 149
Gevolgen...................................................................................................................................................... 149
contractualisering........................................................................................................................................ 150
ANTICIPATORY BREACH (bij ENAC) - NIEUW ............................................................................................... 150
SANCTIE 7: RETENTIERECHT............................................................................................................................. 150
toepassingsvereisten ................................................................................................................................... 150
gevolgen ...................................................................................................................................................... 151
SANCTIE 8: ONTBINDING ................................................................................................................................. 151
gevolgen ...................................................................................................................................................... 151
+ EXTRA BIJ SANCTIE 3: schadeherstel (aanvullend) ................................................................................... 152
ANTICIPATORY BREACH (bij ontbinding) – NIEUW ...................................................................................... 153

KORTE OVERZICHT / BASIS VAN OVERMACHT EN IMPREVISIE..................................................................... 154

OVERMACHT ........................................................................................................................................................ 154
IMPREVISIE .......................................................................................................................................................... 154

I. OVERMACHT ........................................................................................................................................... 155



Verbintenissenrecht 2022-2023 9

, TOEPASSINGSVOORWAARDEN ................................................................................................................................. 155
GEVOLGEN: 2 SCHENARIO’S .................................................................................................................................... 156
UITDOVING WERKT VAN RECHTSWEGE .................................................................................................................. 158
OVERMACHTSCLAUSULES ....................................................................................................................................... 158

II. IMPREVISIE ............................................................................................................................................. 159

TOEPASSINGSVEREISTEN ........................................................................................................................................ 159
GEVOLGEN .......................................................................................................................................................... 160

STRUCTUUR BOEK 5 BW ............................................................................................................................. 161

TITEL 1: ............................................................................................................................................................ 161
TITEL 2: ............................................................................................................................................................ 161
TITEL 3: ............................................................................................................................................................ 161
Verbintenissen met pluraliteit van subjecten – van SA ................................................................................ 161
TITEL 4: CESSIE VAN VERBINTENISSEN ...................................................................................................................... 161
Cessie van verbintenissen ............................................................................................................................ 162
TITEL 5: NAKOMING VAN DE VERBINTENIS ................................................................................................................ 162
TITEL 6: NIET - NAKOMING VAN DE VERBINTENIS ...................................................................................................... 162
TITEL 7: MAATREGELEN TER BESCHEMRING VAN DE RECHTEN VAN DE SCHULDEISER .......................................................... 163
TITEL 8: GRONDEN VAN TENIETGAAN VAN VERBINTENISSEN ......................................................................................... 163
+ TITEL 20 OUD BW: VERJARING ......................................................................................................................... 163
+ BEWIJS ............................................................................................................................................................ 163

PLURALITEIT VAN SA................................................................................................................................... 163

4 CATEGORIËN ..................................................................................................................................................... 163
Categorie 1: deelbaar .................................................................................................................................. 164
Categorie 2/3/4 - uitzonderingen ................................................................................................................ 164
Categorie 2: hoofdelijke = solidaire ............................................................................................................. 165
Categorie 3: ondeelbaarheid ....................................................................................................................... 166
Categorie 4: In Solidum ............................................................................................................................... 166

2. CESSIE + DELEGATIE ................................................................................................................................ 171

1. CESSIE VAN SCHULDVORDERING ......................................................................................................................... 172
hoe werkt een cessie van schuldvordering? ................................................................................................ 172
Gevolgen van cessie schuldvordering .......................................................................................................... 174

CESSIE......................................................................................................................................................... 175

CESSIE VAN SCHULDVORDERING (GEVOLGEN) ............................................................................................................. 175
Andere gevolgen van de cessie van schuldvordering................................................................................... 176
DE CESSIE VAN SCHULD .......................................................................................................................................... 176
DE CESSIE VAN CONTRACTEN................................................................................................................................... 177

UITDOVING VAN VERBINTENISSEN ............................................................................................................. 177

HOE MOET JE BETALEN? ........................................................................................................................................ 177
WAAR MOET JE BETALEN? ...................................................................................................................................... 177
AAN WIE MOET BETAALD WORDEN, EN WIE MOET ER BETALEN? ..................................................................................... 178

BETALING & BETALING MET SUBROGATIE................................................................................................... 179

TITELS ................................................................................................................................................................ 179



Verbintenissenrecht 2022-2023 10

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