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Samenvatting Metabolisme - module 10
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GESLAAGD EERSTE ZIT! - gedetailleerde samenvatting van module 10.
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Module 10 deel 1 : Metabolisme van basen en nucleotidenAminozuren -> basen -> nucleotiden
• Bouwsteen nucleinezuren -> RNA, DNA
• Drager nuttige groepen -> ATP, NADH, NADPH, FADH2, Co-enzymA
• Drager geactiveerde bouwsteen -> UDP-glucose, CDP-diacylglycerol
• Regelaar metabole flux -> cAMP, proteinkinasen, energy charge
• Lokaal werkend hormoon -> purinerge receptoren
10.1 Nucleotiden en basen in de cel
Basen = A,U,G,C,T
Nucleosiden = basen + (deoxy)ribose
Nucleotiden = basen + (deoxy)ribose + fosfaat
-> niet-essentiele AZ worden gebruikt om basen op te bouwen, omdat het lichaam deze AZ zelf kan
aanmaken indien er een tekort is
• C1-metabolisme = glycine, serine
• N-donor = glutamine, aspartaat
10.1.1 Synthese van nucleotiden
Hoge ‘energie charge’ (= ATP/ADP ratio) zorgt voor de richting van de reacties
Bv. AMP -> ADP
De reacties gekatalyseerd door ribonucleotidereductase zijn fluxbepalend
Bv. ADP -> dADP
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, o De novo synthese purine
= atoom per atoom op nucleotide
-> 1e base: hypoxanthine
-> via purinosoom
o De novo synthese pyrimidine
= eerst base maken, dan de suiker erop plaatsen
-> 1e base: orotine
10.2 Purinemetabolisme
Noodzakelijk :
• Ribose
=> C-skelet
• Niet-essentiele AZ (apartaat, glutamine, glycine)
=> N-atomen
• C1-metabolisme
=> formyl THF levert C
• CO2
=> C=O
10.2.1 Voordelen salvage pathway
o Minder energievragend
o Beperken van hoeveelheid purine afval
o Vermindert kans op opstapeling urinezuur (-> jicht)
-> Eerst salvage en enkel de novo synthese indien te weinig purines
10.2.2 Purines als antimetabolieten
o Anti-virale geneesmiddelen
= ribose-ring ontbreekt waardoor replicatie stopt (geen C5)
- Herpes labialis: acyclovir
- HIV: reverse transcriptase remmers
o Immuno-suppressieve geneesmiddelen
= verhindert cellen om actief te worden
Bv. Orgaantransplantatie (zorgt ervoor dat orgaan niet afgestoten wordt door lichaam)
Bv. Azathioprine (imuran)
o Secundaire preventive van chronsiche jicht
Bv. Allopurinol
= remmer van Xanthinedehydrogenase
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