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Samenvatting Metabolisme - module 4

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GESLAAGD EERSTE ZIT! - gedetailleerde samenvatting van module 4.

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  • April 7, 2023
  • 9
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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Module 4 deel 1 : Energie


4.1 ATP
= nuttige drager van potentiele energie
- Productie via oxidatieve fosforylering OF fosforylering op substraatniveau
- Vanuit voeding via verbranding vetten, koolhydraten of eiwitten
à maximale rendement = 40% (rest gaat verloren als warmte)
- O2 is nodig en CO2 komt vrij
- 100mol/dag nodig om in leven te blijven



4.1.1 Productie van ATP vanuit D-glucose
• Fosforylering van subtraatniveau (10%)
à transfer van energierijke fosfaat naar ADP
Bv. glycolyse
à kan ook omgekeerd met verbruik van ATP
Bv. gluconeogenese

• Oxidatieve fosforylering (90%)
à verbranding van pyruvaat in mitochondria levert NADH/FADH2
à redoxreacties vanuit NADH/FADH2 levert elektronen aan O2 + vorming H2O
à energie die hierbij vrijkomt zorgt voor protonengradient over binnenste membraan
à complex V maakt via protonengradient ATP aan




Glycolyse: netto 2 mol ATP opbrengst
à 2 ATP investeren
à 4 ATP opbrengst

NA glycolyse à 2 opties (aeroob en anaeroob)
à indien aeroob: hoog ATP-rendement
à indien anaeroob: laag ATP-rendement




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, 4.2 Glycolyse
Vooraf: glucose opname via GLUT
- 1e fase: 2 ATP investering (stap 1 en 3) è F1,6BP
- 2e fase: splitsing in triosefosfaten è 1,3BPG
- 3e fase: netto 2 ATP opbrengst


4.2.1 Belangrijke reacties i/d glycolyse
• De 3 onomkeerbare reacties
= Stap 1,3 en 10
à fluxbepalende reacties

1) Glucose -> glucose-6-fosfaat
à investering 1 ATP
à katalyse door 4 paraloge hexokinasen (HK1-HK4)
à glucokinase (HK4) is zeer belangrijk in de lever en pancreatische beta-cellen




2) Fructose-6-fosfaat -> fructose-1,6-bisfosfaat
à investering 1 ATP
àkatalyse door 3 paraloge enzymen (fosfofructokinase)
à regulatie van deze stap bepaalt de flux van heel de glycolyse (belangrijkste stap!!!)




3) Fosfo-enolpyruvaat -> pyruvaat
à NETTO 2 ATP winst
à katalyse door 2 paraloge enyzmen: PKLR (RBC/lever) en
PKM (spiertype)
à PKLR is gevoelig voor het insuline/glucagon-ratio




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