Summary
Samenvatting Van Cel Naar Weefsel: Functie - deel 3
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GESLAAGD EERSTE ZIT! - gedetailleerde samenvatting van deel 3 (Integratie van celsystemen).
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By: sanneludecke • 1 year ago
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Deel 3: Integratie van celsystemen- Centrale zenuwstelsel = hersenen + ruggenmerg
- Perifere zenuwstelsel = alles erbuiten
- Efferente neuronen/ motorneuronen = CZS à perifere ZS
- Afferente neuronen/sensorische neuronen = perifere ZS à CZS
• Effectors (doelwitweefsel):
o Somatisch: skeletspier à NMJ
o Autonoom: gladde spier, hartspier, lever…
• Efferent pad:
o Somatisch: gemyeliniseerd axon van ventrale hoorn van ruggenmerg tot effector (geen
ganglia)
à zeer lange neuronen (1 stap)
o Autonoom: 2-neuronpad: 1e neuron is preganglionair (cellichaam in CZS) + 2e neuron is
postganglionair (cellichaam in autonoom ganglion)
à Pre-ganglionaire neuronen (B-fibers) => gemyeliniseerd, grote diameter
à Post-ganglionaire neuronen (C-fibers) => niet-gemyeliniseerd, kleine diameter
à info stopt als myeline aangetast is, dus postganglionaire neuronen zijn niet
gemyeliniseerd zodat info zeker bij effector aankomt (= voorzorgsmaatregel)
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, 3.1 Het autonoom zenuwstelsel
3.1.1 Principes van organisatie in het zenuwstelsel
Orthosympathicus (= sympathisch ZS)
à thoracolumbale outflow (T1-L3)
Paravertebrale synaps = parallel met wervelkolom
Prevertebrale synaps = dichtbij het orgaan
Preganglionair neuron = kort
Postganglionair neuron = lang
à UITZONDERING: chromaffine cellen i/d bijnier
= post-ganglionaire neuronen zonder axonen à adrenaline secretie in bloed
Parasympathicus
à craniosacrale outflow (C3-S4)
à ganglia liggen in orgaanweefsel
Preganglionair neuron = lang
Postganglionair neuron = kort
3.1.2 De autonome synaps
Adrenerge receptor
à (nor)adrenaline
Cholinerge receptor/
muscarine-Ach-R
à Ach, muscarine
à nicotinische Ach-receptor
à preganglionaire neuronen kunnen ook neuropeptiden vrijzetten
à M-stroom bepaalt exciteerbaarheid van post-ganglion
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, Somatisch ZS
Nicotinische Ach-receptor (N1)
à Ach
à skeletspier
Autonoom ZS
Muscarine Ach-receptor (M)
à Ach
à parasympathisch
𝛼- en 𝛽-adrenerge receptoren
à(nor)adrenaline
à orthosympathisch
• Adrenerge receptoren
= G-proteine gekoppelde receptoren (GPCR)
o Adrenaline (hormoon)
-> vrijzetting door chromaffine-cellen in bijnier
-> circuleert in bloed
o Noradrenaline (NT)
-> vrijzetting door zenuwuiteinden
-> autonoom postganglion
à beta-receptoren zijn heel belangrijk in het hartspierweefsel!!
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