Grade 11 Summary Of Viruses , Life Sciences (Biology), IEB
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Course
Life Sciences
Institution
11th Grade
Introducing our enlightening and visually-engaging notes on viruses - a comprehensive study guide for aficionados and knowledge seekers alike. This exceptional resource delves into the complex world of viruses, exploring their intricate structure, mode of infection and host range, step-by-step infe...
Viruses
Summery
It can’t live without a host
To replicate it needs - enzymes, ribosomes, RNA, APT
It reproduces using host cells
It is a complicated protein molecule
It is made up of made up of DNA or RNA
It is not classified into a kingdom
It is a parasitic - symbiotic relationship {one organism is harmed the other
benefits}
Overall
Acellular {no cellular structure} , parasitic entities that aren’t classified into
a kingdom.
Consists of protein and genetic material.
Viruses replicate, and are dependent on their host cell
When infecting a cell they use the host’s replication processes to make
identical progeny virus particles
Do not metabolise
Infect organisms from all kingdoms
Vary in structure, replication methods and target hosts.
Viral structure
Structure determines it’s function
Lack most cell components {organelles, ribosomes and plasma}
Could contain additional proteins such as enzymes
Diverse in morphology { size, shape structure}
The shape and the presence/absence of an envelope are useful to begin viral
classification.
Words:
Metabolise: chemical changes that make energy available for the cell/organism
, Viral structure
Viruses
Made of protein and
phospholipid membranes
Help recognize specific proteins/ hosts.
derive from the host cells
Will bind to certain receptors on the host
cell
/DNA
Spike.
Nucleic acid
core
Contains total genetic
content {genome -
info to create new cell
and are small} of the
virus.
Protective outer shell
Made up of protein subunits {capsomeres} to protect nucleic acid from
environment
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